渭河关中段水污染状况与防治对策  

Water Pollution Condition and Prevention Countermeasures in Guanzhong Section of Weihe River

作　　者：李英杰 张振文 王亚萍 张倩 张蓓 

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境科学研究院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第6期53-55,59,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2011KTZB03-03);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07212-002)

摘　　要：根据渭河典型断面水环境监测资料,对渭河关中段水污染状况、成因进行了研究。结果表明:"十五"期间,中下游的咸阳铁桥和潼关吊桥两个断面COD、NH3-N严重超标,几乎完全丧失了河流生态功能;"十一五"以来,咸阳铁桥和潼关吊桥两个断面COD、NH3-N浓度明显下降,水质持续好转;NH3-N浓度与径流量关系密切,枯水期NH3-N浓度明显高于丰水期;与NH3-N浓度丰水期、枯水期差别较大不同,随着COD浓度的大幅降低,加之丰水期非点源污染物产生量大,丰水期、枯水期COD浓度无明显差别;渭河水污染的成因一是水资源短缺、水环境容量小,二是入河污染物量大。针对以渭河为代表的缺水重污染河流,提出水污染防治对策:控制工业污染来源,减少入河污染物量;完善城镇生活污水和农业污染源的收集、处理;保障河道生态基流,提高水环境容量;制定水环境治理战略。According to the water quality monitoring data of Weihe River, the water pollution condition and its causes in Guanzhong section of Weihe River was studied. The results show that a） in the middle and lower reaches of the railway bridge of Xianyang and Tongguan sus- pension bridge two sections, COD and NH3 - N greatly exceeds the standard and almost entirely lost river ecological function during the Tenth Five - Year Plan of China. In the two sections of Xianyang railway bridge and Tongguan suspension bridge, COD and NH3 - N concentration are significantly decreased and water quality improves continuously in the Eleventh Five - Year Plan; b） the concentration of NH3 - N is close to runoff and the mutagenicity of NH3 - N concentration is significantly higher than the plentiful; c） in contrast to the clear difference of ammonia nitrogen concentration between wet season and dry season, there is no distinct difference of COD concentration between wet sea- son and dry season due to the sharp decrease of COD concentration and large generation of non - point pollution in wet season and; d） the water pollution of Weihe River is caused by its water resources shortage and plenty of discharged pollutant. Moreover, this paper further put forward some countermeasures for preventing pollution which were controlling industry sources to reduce discharged pollutant, improving all sewage collection, treatment and removal of the municipal waste water and agricultural sources, and guaranteeing base flow to enhance water environmental capacity.

关 键 词：水资源 径流量 水污染防治 渭河 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]