机构地区:[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡214081 [2]无锡几丁生物新材料科技发展有限公司,无锡2014026 [3]江苏德仁生物科技发展有限公司,金坛213200
出 处:《动物营养学报》2015年第6期1769-1778,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基 金:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD26B03-1);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-49)
摘 要:本试验旨在探讨饲料中添加几丁聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、免疫调控与抗海豚链球菌感染的影响。选择健康、均重为(2.97±0.02) g的吉富罗非鱼375尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。5组试验鱼分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、10、20、30和40 mL/kg几丁聚糖溶液(几丁聚糖的有效浓度为0.6%)的试验饲料。饲喂63 d后,测定各组试验鱼的生长性能指标、血常规指标、血清生化指标、头肾免疫相关基因的表达量以及海豚链球菌感染192 h后的累计死亡率。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加几丁聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的特定生长率、存活率及血清总蛋白与甘油三酯含量无显著影响( P〉0.05),但是添加量为10和20 mL/kg时可显著降低肝体比和血清皮质醇含量,提高血液红细胞数目、白细胞数目和血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积以及血清溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力,促进头肾白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α和干扰素基因的表达( P〈0.05);同时,添加量为20 mL/kg时还可显著增加饲料效率,降低血清葡萄糖、胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量( P〈0.05)。海豚链球菌感染192 h后,10和20 mL/kg添加组的累计死亡率分别为30.06%和32.38%,显著低于对照组的51.19%与40 mL/kg添加组的77.55%( P〈0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加10和20 mL/kg几丁聚糖溶液有助于降低吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的肝体比与肝脏应激,提高非特异性免疫功能。同时,20 mL/kg添加量可以有效地促进饲料利用,降低血清脂肪沉积。在实际生产中,建议在吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加10~20 mL/kg的几丁聚糖溶液(几丁聚糖的有效浓度为0.6%),以促进吉富罗非鱼健康养殖。The present study was performed to investigate the effects of chitosan supplementation on growth performance, immunomodulatory and against Streptococcus iniae infection of juvenile GIFT tilapia ( Oreochro-mis niloticus). A total of 375 health juvenile GIFT tilapia with an average body weight of (2.97±0.02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 25 fish in each replicate. Fish in those 5 groups were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 ( control) , 10, 20, 30 and 40 mL/kg chitosan solution (the effective concentration of chitosan was 0.6%). After 63-day feeding trial, the growth performance indi-ces, hematological parameters, serum biochemical parameters, the expression of immuno-related genes in head kidney and the cumulative mortality under Streptococcus iniae infection on 192 h were determined. The results showed as follows:compared with control group, chitosan supplementation had no significant effects on special growth rate ( SGR ) , survival ratio ( SR ) , serum total protein ( TP ) and triglyceride ( TC ) contents ( P〉0.05) , but 10 and 20 mL/kg chitosan solution could reduce hepatosomatic index ( HIS) and serum cortisol ( COR) content, enhance blood white blood cell ( WBC) count, red blood cell ( RBC) count, haemoglobin ( Hb) concentration, haematocrit ( Hct) , serum lysozyme ( LZM) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activi-ties, and promote the expression of interleukin 1β( IL-1β) , tumor necrosis factorα( TNF-α) and interferonγ(IFN-γ) in head kidney (P〈0.05). In addition, diet supplemented with 20 mL/kg chitosan solution could significantly increase feed efficiency ( FE) and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C) content, and reduce serum glucose ( GLU) , triglyceride ( TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) con-tents ( P〈0.05) . Moreover, tilapia fed the diets supplemented with 10 and 20 mL/kg chitosan solution had 30.0
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