“梁陈方案”与“洛阳模式”——新旧城规划模式的对比分析与启示  

“Liang-Chen Project” and “Luoyang Mode”: Comparison and Inspiration on the Planning Pattern of Constructing a New Town Near the Old City

作　　者：李浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国城市规划设计研究院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2015年第3期106-116,共11页Urban Planning International

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51108427;51378476;51478439)

摘　　要："梁陈方案"和"洛阳模式"一样,均为1950年代所形成的以避开旧城建新城(或新区)为主旨思想的城市空间结构模式,本文对两者进行了对比分析。从渊源来看,梁陈方案是规划师意志主导的城市规划理想模式,但在遭遇社会现实矛盾时受到"重创",而洛阳模式则属于联合选厂过程中由现实条件制约而促成的一种自然结果,反而获得进一步发展。两者都有很强烈的历史文化保护因素,但洛阳历史文化以悠久的"地下"遗址形态为主,而北京历史文化则较多属于近现代的"地上"实物形态且保存相对完好,由此导致洛阳的历史文化保护具有比较"硬"的"红线",而对北京旧城则存在保护或利用方式的分歧。就新城的职能而言,洛阳涧西区作为新兴工业区,在国家大规模工业化建设条件下容易获得政策支持,而梁陈方案所提出的中央行政区建设,则由于国内经济条件极为困难等原因难以获得社会各方面的支持。通过对比分析,启示我们应提高对城市规划理论与实践相互关系的科学认识,更加理性地看待城市规划的理想模式及其局限性,并强化城市规划师综合协调能力的培养。＂Liang-Chen Project＂ （LC） and ＂Luoyang Mode＂ （LY） are both based on the planning pattern of constructing a new town near the old city for protecting historical culture which formed during the 1950s in China. LC comes from the planner＇s ideology but met with frustration. LY originates from artless reality but has gained further development. There were strong consciousness of historical culture protection in both cases, but most historical heritages in Luoyang are subterranean sites, while that in Beijing are objects over ground, and more important, the old city of Beijing is unique and valuable for its planning pattern as a whole; for this reason, protection of historical culture in Luoyang possesses a uncompromising red line, however there were divergence of views in Beijing. Moreover, the new town in Luoyang is a new manufacturing district and easy to get support from Nation＇s industrial policies, but central administrative region proposed by LC is difficult to be understood by society. It is inspiring that we shall enhance discriminate on the relationship between theory and practice of urban planning, analyze the limitations of ideal planning pattern more rationally, and strengthen the education of planners＇ comprehensive capacity.

关 键 词：“梁陈方案” “洛阳模式” 新旧城规划模式 历史文化保护 中央行政区 新兴工业区 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]