超嗜热神袍菌介导的碳水化合物转化  

Carbohydrate transformation mediated by hyperthermophilic Thermotoga Thermotoga

作　　者：左万兵 乐易林[1] 邵蔚蓝[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院生物质能源研究所,镇江212013

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第3期385-391,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300088)资助~~

摘　　要：超嗜热神袍菌生活在高温海洋环境或地下油田,最适生长温度为76-82℃,是分解和代谢复杂多糖能力最强、生长温度最高的以H2、CO2、乙酸为主要代谢产物的细菌.本文以海栖热袍菌为例对超嗜热神袍菌介导的碳水化合物转化进行综述.超嗜热神袍菌具有多重的碳代谢中心途径以及高活性的能量代谢和发酵途径,显现出极强的碳水化合物转化能力.超嗜热神袍菌能够分解和利用各种多聚糖,海栖热袍菌基因组中与糖和多糖的代谢有关的编码基因占7%,会产生各种海藻水解酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、果胶裂解酶和半纤维素酶等,这种完善的多聚糖水解酶系能够使超嗜热神袍菌对其生态环境可能出现的各种复杂碳水化合物进行水解和利用.通过研究超嗜热神袍菌在极端高温下迅速转化难降解多糖为发酵产物的机理,可以为生物质的综合利用提供必要的理论支持,而其产生的具有热稳定性和高活性的酶在工业生产中具有巨大的应用潜力.Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga strains grow at an optimum temperature of 76-82 ℃, including various hot marine environments and the production fluids of oil reservoirs. These bacteria utilize various sugars and complex polysaccharides for growth and producing H2, CO2 and acetic acid. This paper reviews the vital important biochemical effects of the carbohydrate transformation mediated by hyperthermophilic Thermotoga, and summarizes the genetic and physiological properties of energy metabolism, glycolysis and fermentation pathways of Thermotoga. Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga strains have more comprehensive enzyme systems and produce polysaccharide hydrolase with strong activity and thermostability to degrade complex polysaccharides in oceans, and with their strong functions of glycolysis and energy metabolism, play an important role in carbon recycles. The extreme thermostable enzymes encoded by the genes of Thermotoga strains have been extensively studied, and recombinant enzymes have been produced for laboratory and industrial applications. The developments of genetic transformation and modification systems are desired for the applications of these cells in biomass conversions which benefit technological advances, economic growth and environmental protection.

关 键 词：超嗜热神袍菌 海栖热袍菌 碳代谢 复杂多糖 水解酶 碳素循环 

分 类 号：Q935[生物学—微生物学]