上海市居民大肠癌早期发现知识和行为调查  

Knowledge and Behavior of Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer among Residents in Shanghai

作　　者：龚杨明[1] 鲍萍萍[1] 王春芳[2] 徐继英[3] 姚海宏[3] 严青华[3] 郑莹[1] 李新建[4] 仲伟鉴 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心肿瘤防治科,上海200336 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心生命统计科,上海200336 [3]上海市疾病预防控制中心行为健康科,上海200336 [4]上海市疾病预防控制中心心脑血管疾病防治科,上海200336 [5]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第6期515-521,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科(卫生经济学)建设项目(编号:12GWZX0601)

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市15岁及以上居民大肠癌早期发现的知识和行为现状,为开展大肠癌筛查和早期发现工作提供科学依据。[方法]利用2010年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,采用多阶段分层概率随机抽样方法,对15 732名常住居民进行问卷调查。[结果]获取有效问卷15 663份。15岁及以上居民对大肠癌的早期异常体征和3项筛检方法,即每年1次主动肛指检查、每年1次主动大便隐血检查（FOBT）和50岁及以上每5年1次主动肠镜检查的知晓率分别为44.04%、22.62%、20.97%和16.83%。不同性别、区域、年龄和文化程度者对此的知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。50-74岁居民曾做过肛指检查、大便隐血检查和肠镜检查者的比例分别为12.07%、6.65%和4.82%。不同年龄（不包括15-17岁）和文化程度居民受检比例差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;中心城区和非中心城区居民受检比例差异无统计学意义;除肛指检查外,男、女受检比例差异亦无统计学意义。在曾经做过相关检查的调查对象中,不同性别、年龄、地区和文化程度者最近一次接受肛指和肠镜检查的时间距调查时间间隔差异无统计学意义。[结论]上海市居民对大肠癌早期发现的认知较差,参加相关早期发现检查的比例较低。[Objective ]To examine the perception and behavior of early detection for colorectal cancer among residents equal to or greater than 15 years of age in Shanghai. [ Methods ] A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on chronic diseases and related risk factors monitoring was conducted in 2010 in Shanghai, and colorectal cancer related data were retrieved for this study. A total of 15 732 de jure residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. [ Results ] Totally 15 663 individuals provided a completed questionnaire. The awareness rates of colorectal cancer early sign, annual digital rectal examination （DRE）, annum fecal occult blood test （FOBT）, and colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 50 among residents ≥ 15 years of age were 44.04%, 22.62%, 20.97%, and 16.83%, respectively, and varied by gender, age, area, and educational level （P〈0.05）. Only a small fraction of the residents aged 50-74 years reported having DRE （12.07%）, FOBT （6,65%）, and colonoscopy （4.82%） before. The percentages of residents who reported having related colorectal cancer early detection tests were varied by age （except the 15-17 years old group） and educational level （P 〈 0.05）; however, no differences were identified between urban and suburban residents. Except for the DRE, no significant differences by gender were found for FOBT and colonoscopy. The time intervals between the time received related tests and the day of survey showed no significant difference by gender, age, area, or education level. [ Conclusion ] The findings indicate poor awareness of early detection of colorectal cancer and low percentage of having related early detection tests among the residents in Shanghai.

关 键 词：早期发现 大肠癌 知识 行为 肛指检查 大便隐血检查 肠镜 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]