人造矿物纤维企业工人粉尘暴露及其健康状况  

Dust Exposure and Health Condition of Workers in Man-Made Mineral Fibers Manufacturers

作　　者：李益琪 李巧[2] 余珉[3] 陈钧强[3] 蒋兆强[3] 徐承敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江长广(集团)有限责任公司职业病防治所,浙江313100 [2]台州市中心医院,浙江318000 [3]浙江省医学科学院,浙江310013

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第6期565-568,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：浙江省医学支撑学科劳动卫生学(编号:11-ZC02);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(编号:2013KYB071)

摘　　要：[目的]了解人造矿物纤维（MMMF）企业工人粉尘暴露及其健康状况,为制定MMMF粉尘危害的预防控制措施提供参考。[方法]随机选择浙江省3家MMMF生产企业（玻璃纤维、耐火材料A,B）进行粉尘浓度检测,对497名接尘工人拍摄胸片,调查工人皮肤症状;同时选择某塑料企业同期体检的89人作为对照组,并对结果进行对比分析。[结果]玻璃纤维企业原料投料岗位个体采样的粉尘浓度达标率为80%,耐火陶瓷纤维A企业粉尘浓度均达标,耐火陶瓷纤维B企业的铺棉和切割工种定点采样的粉尘浓度达标率为33.3%。MMMF 3家企业接尘工人的皮肤刺激、皮肤瘙痒、皮肤红斑的检出率均高于对照组（P〈0.01）;接触性皮炎的检出率为3.7%-4.6%。未有工人被诊断为尘肺病,耐火陶瓷纤维B企业有1人被诊断为尘肺病观察对象。[结论]耐火陶瓷纤维企业原料投料工种的粉尘浓度达标率较低,MMMF接触工人皮肤刺激、瘙痒、红斑、接触性皮炎检出率较高。[ Objective ] To evaluate dust exposure level and health status of workers in manufacturers of man-made mineral fiber （MMMF） in order to provide prevention and control strategies for MMMF dust exposure. [ Methods ] Three MMMF production enterprises （glass fiber enterprise, refractory ceramic fiber enterprise A and B） in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected to detect dust concentration. Dust exposure workers （n=497） were invited to chest X ray examination and skin symptom investigation, and workers from plastic production enterprises （n=89） were selected as control group. The results from selected enterprises were compared and analyzed. [ Rosults ] The qualified rate of dust was 80% at the raw material feeding workstation in the glass fiber enterprise by personal sampling, 100% at all samplings sites in the refractory ceramic fiber enterprise A, and 33.3% at the cotton spreading and cutting workstations in the refractory ceramic fiber enterprise B by area sampling. Higher positive rates of skin irritation symptoms, skin itching, and skin erythema symptoms were reported among the dust exposure workers from the three MMMF enterprises than the controls （P 〈 0.01）, and the incidence rates of contact dermatitis ranged from 3.7%-4.6%. No worker was diagnosed as pneumoconiosis. One worker in the refractory ceramic fiber enterprise B was diagnosed as observation case of pneumoconiosis. [ Conclusion ] A low qualified rate of dust is found in the raw material feeding workstation in the refractory ceramic fiber enterprises. MMMF workers show higher incidence rates of skin irritation symptoms, skin itching, skin erythema symptoms, and contact dermatitis.

关 键 词：人造矿物纤维 耐火陶瓷纤维 玻璃纤维 风险 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]