几种生态因子对成体偏顶蛤存活的影响  

Effects of several ecological factors on survival in adult mussel Modiolus modiolus

作　　者：宁军号 张向向[1] 常亚青[1] 宋坚[1] 经晨晨 张伟杰[1] 杨立猛[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2015年第3期285-290,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋公益项目(201105016);辽宁省科技攻关重大项目(2011203003)

摘　　要：为了研究几种生态因子对成体偏顶蛤Modiolus modiolus存活的影响,采用实验生态学方法,在室内控制条件下进行了海水盐度、温度、p H、干露和淡水浸泡对体质量为（108.8±18.9）g的偏顶蛤存活的影响试验。结果表明：偏顶蛤对生态因子的耐受范围较广,其生存盐度范围为20-45,适宜盐度为25-35;其适宜温度范围为5-23℃,27℃可能是其高温耐受能力上限;其生存p H范围为4-10,适宜p H为6-9;干露和淡水浸泡对偏顶蛤存活有显著影响（P〈0.05）;在空气湿度为85%-90%的条件下,其存活率与干露时长和高温均呈负相关,15℃组和20℃组偏顶蛤开始死亡的时间均为48 h,25℃组在36 h开始出现死亡;淡水浸泡过程中投饵将显著增加偏顶蛤的死亡率,偏顶蛤100%存活的时长为24 h。本研究结果可为确定偏顶蛤最佳储运时间和耐淡水浸泡能力,以及偏顶蛤的增养殖及其种质保护提供理论基础。The effects of salinity, temperature, pH, air exposure and fresh-water immersion on survival in adult mussel Modiolus modiolus with body weight of （180. 8±18. 9） g were studied in a laboratory by experimental ecology methods. Results showed that the mussel had a wide range of tolerance to ecological environment. The mussel was survival at a salinity from 20 to 45 with the optimum salinity of 25-35 . It was found that the suitable temperature was changed from 5℃ to 23℃ with the upper limit of 27℃. The suitable pH was found to be in the range of 4-10 , with the optimal range of 6-9 . Air exposure and fresh-water immersion showed significant negative effects on survival of adult mussel（P〈0. 05）. There was negative correlation between survival rate and air exposure time and temperature at air humidity of 85%-90%. The initial mortality was observed in 48 h exposure in 15℃ and 20℃ groups and in 36 h exposure in 25 ℃ group. The significant increase in mortality was found in the mussel im-mersed in fresh-water and only within 24 h for survival rate of 100% in the mussel fed and immersed in fresh water. The findings provides guidelines for the optimum time for storage and transportation, and for breeding and germplasm protection of M. modiolus.

关 键 词：偏顶蛤 成体 生态因子 存活率 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]