乳母产褥期膳食调查与影响因素分析  

Analysis on dietary survey and influencing factors of wet nurses during puerperal period

作　　者：李国波[1,2] 林麒[3] 欧萍[1,2] 许榕仙[4] 葛品[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省妇幼保健院儿童保健科 [2]福建省妇儿医院,福建福州350001 [3]福建省人兽共患病研究重点实验室(福建省疾病预防控制中心) [4]福建医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2015年第18期3029-3032,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：福建省卫生厅青年科研课题〔2012-2-17〕

摘　　要：目的:了解福州地区乳母产褥期生活方式、膳食结构及其之间的关系。方法:选取长期(≥1年)生活于福州且符合条件的健康乳母进行乳母生活方式、营养和健康状况调查。结果:共完成完整问卷113份,乳母产褥期禽畜肉类和蛋类平均每日摄入量分别达到乳母膳食宝塔参考摄入量的439.5%和350.0%,水果类和蔬菜类仅达到43.3%和25.0%,奶类及奶制品和豆类及豆制品为0.0%。能量平均每日摄入量仅达到乳母RNIs的78.5%,碳水化合物供能比例低(34.3%),蛋白质(27.9%)和脂肪(37.0%)供能比高。钙和Vit C平均每日摄入量为乳母RNI或AI比的45.4%和73.8%,无奶类与豆类来源的钙。纯母乳喂养的乳母谷类中铁的摄入量与摄入比例均<非纯母乳喂养的乳母,有喝茶史的乳母水果类摄入量和营养素中铁、锰、Vit C、碳水化合物的摄入量均>无饮茶史的乳母。结论:乳母产褥期禽肉类和蛋类摄入充足甚至过量,但是蔬菜类、奶类及奶制品和豆类及豆制品摄入量极低,水果类的摄入量不足。总能量摄入不足,三大营养素供能比不合理,乳母膳食结构与社会因素息息相关。Objective： To understand the lifestyles and dietary structure of wet nurses in Fuzhou region and the interrelationship.Methods： A survey about lifestyles,nutritional and healthy conditions was conducted among the healthy wet nurses meeting the inclusion criteria and living in Fuzhou for one year or more than one year. Results： A total of 113 valid questionnaires were collected,the average daily intakes of poultry meat and eggs of wet nurses during puerperal period accounted for 439. 5% and 350. 0% of dietary reference intakes（ DRIs） of wet nurses,respectively; fruits and vegetables accounted for 43. 3% and 25. 0% of DRIs of wet nurses,respectively; milk,milk products,beans,and bean products accounted for 0. 0% of DRIs of wet nurses,respectively. The average daily intake of energy accounted for 78. 5% of RNIs of wet nurses; the proportion of energy supplied by carbohydrate was low（ 34. 3%）,and the proportions of energy supplied by protein（ 27. 9%） and fat（ 37. 0%） were high. The average daily intakes of calcium and vitamin C accounted for 45. 4% and73. 8% of RNI or AI of wet nurses,no calcium was from milk and beans. The intake and intake proportion of iron from grains among the exclusive breastfeeding nurses were less than those among the nonexclusive breastfeeding nurses; the intakes of fruits,iron,manganese,vitamin C,and carbohydrate among the wet nurses with history of drinking tea were higher than those among the wet nurses without history of drinking tea. Conclusion： The intakes of poultry meat and eggs of wet nurses during puerperal period are adequate even excess,but the intakes of vegetables,milk,milk products,beans,and bean products are extremely low,the intake of fruits is inadequate. The intake of total energy is inadequate,the energy proportions supplied by three nutriments are unreasonable,dietary structure of wet nurses are correlated with social factor.

关 键 词：乳母 产褥期 膳食结构 生活方式 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]