突变论视野下运动员竞技水平提升的路径分析  

Analysis on Development Path of Athlete's Competitive Capacity Based on Catastrophe Theory

作　　者：夏冉[1] 邵桂华[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024 [2]吉林体育学院科研处,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第1期66-70,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:09CTY002);国家体育总局体育社会科学研究项目(项目编号:2031SS14062)

摘　　要：传统竞技体育训练以"预测"和"控制"为核心指导思想,坚持运动员竞技水平提高的"循序渐进",是"渐变式"思维的体现,并不符合作为复杂系统的运动员竞技水平系统的提升规律。以突变论思想为指导,分析了运动员竞技水平提升的"完全渐变式""部分质变式"和"突变式"3种路径,指出运动员竞技水平的提高路径并非只有渐进式,而是完全可以沿更为快速的路径演进,提供条件,打破常规,促使运动员在不同层面上不断实现"部分质变式",并籍由此实现最经济和最有效的"突变式"路径,才是目标所在。通过对控制变量与状态变量的分析,给出促使运动员技术水平"突变式"提升的方法,最后借助于尖顶突变模型,分析运动员技术水平突变式提升过程中的不可达性、突跳性和滞后性等特点。Traditional sports training take control and forecasting as its core guiding ideology, stick to the evolutionary thought and tapered way, which don＇ t meet the real rule of athlete＇ s competitive capacity system. This paper used catastrophe theory as tool, analyzed three different paths of development of athlete ＇ s competitive capacity, which called ＂radical change type＂, ＂partly qualitative change type＂ and ＂qualitative change type＂, and points out that only radical change type is the most efficient way. Depend on analysis of control variable and status variable, this paper gives out the way to realize radical change. At last, some characters, such as non-reachable, jump and lagging, were analyzed by cusp catastrophe model.

关 键 词：传统竞技体育 突变论 竞技水平 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]