澳洲坚果人工去雄技术的比较研究  

Comparative Studies on Emasculation Techniques of Macadamia

作　　者：陶丽[1] 倪书邦[1] 贺熙勇[1] 陈丽兰[1] 孔广红[1] 肖晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第16期88-93,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省社会发展科技计划-院所技术开发研究专项"澳洲坚果丰产栽培关键技术研究与示范"(2012CF014);农业部热带作物资源保护项目"澳洲坚果种质资源保护"(2015RRZY-14);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金课题"澳洲坚果品种选育与丰产栽培技术研究"(RF2014-6)

摘　　要：为获得一种操作简单易行的澳洲坚果人工去雄方法,以澳洲坚果品种‘Renown’为母本,选择3种不同物候的小花,采用切管连被去雄法和针撕去雄法,对2种去雄方法所需时间、柱头受伤率、授粉后20天的坐果率进行比较分析。结果表明,切管连被去雄法比针撕去雄法效果好,对花被管裂开第1天的小花,前者去雄所需时间为10.0 min,柱头受伤率为11.1%,授粉后20天的坐果率为74.1%;而针撕去雄法所需时间为36.0 min,柱头受伤率为36.3%,授粉后20天的坐果率为27.8%。切管连被去雄法最佳的操作方法为选择花被管裂开第1天的小花,切开花被管基部后0.5 h去雄,去雄后48 h授粉,此方法操作简单省时,同时避免了伪杂种的产生,提高了杂交种的纯度,可显著提高澳洲坚果杂交育种效率。A comparison between two emasculation methods in timing,percentage of style injury and fruit setin 20 days after pollination was conducted to find out the simple and practical way for artificial emasculation in Macadamia,with cultivar‘Renown＇as the mother tree.The flowers at different anthesis were chosen to testthe two methods.The result showed that emasculation methods with perianth were better than needle slitting.Itonly took 10 minutes in emasculating with perianth when the perianth tube splits in the first day,with 11.1% ofstyle tip injury and 74.1% of set in 20 days of pollination.While the timing,injury rate and the set were36.0 min,36.3% and 27.8% respectively in needle slitting.In emasculation method with perianth,the optimumconditions were to choose those perianth tube splits in the first day and carry out the emasculation after ring cutthe base of tube in half an hour,and pollinated in 48 hours.This method is simple and easy,which can produceno false hybrid,enhance the purity of hybrid,and significantly improve crossbreeding efficiency in Macadamia.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 去雄法 授粉 坐果 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]