便携式舱内超声检漏仪的研制  

Research and Design on a Portable Intravehicular Ultrasonic Leak Detector for Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：闫荣鑫[1] 孙伟[1] 李唯丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术》2015年第3期58-65,共8页Chinese Space Science and Technology

摘　　要：针对载人航天器在轨声学检漏的物理过程,以气动声学喷流噪声理论为基础,对气体流过漏孔的声音在舱内传播及信号检测的机理进行了研究,建立了气体泄漏产生的声功率和漏孔的几何尺寸及舱内气压的关系式,发现在毫米级直径的漏孔产生的声信号的中心频率大于20 kHz;研究了漏孔产生的声音信号传播的声压同接收方向和距离的关系式,模拟航天器舱内气体向太空泄漏时在舱内检漏的实际工况,进行了不同尺寸漏孔探测距离、探测方位的试验,初步验证了传感器接收到的漏孔声压和传感器法线与漏孔和传感器中心连线角的余弦成正比。完成了在轨检漏仪原理样机的研制,最小可检漏率达到10^(-1)Pa·m^3/s量级;定位范围优于20 mm,质量小于1.2 kg,功耗小于2.2 W。Based on the acoustics cascade noise theory, the mechanism of air leaking noise transmitting and signal detecting was analyzed. A formula of the sound power, the leak size and the air pressure in the spacecraft was built, and the relationship between leak sound pressure and receiving direction and distance was studied. The center frequency in millimeter diameter leak is more than 20kHz. The situation of air leaking from spacecraft to space was simulated and an experiment of different leak sizes and testing distances and directions was carried out. The results show that the sound pressure is in direct proportion to the cosine of the angle of leak to the sensor. The portable ultrasonic leak detector was developed, with which the minimal leak rate is 10^-1Pa· ma/s, the testing radius is longer than 20mm, the mass is less than 1.2kg, and the electric power is less than 2.2W.

关 键 词：气体泄漏 超声波 声传播 检漏仪 载人航天器 

分 类 号：TB774[一般工业技术—真空技术]