害虫遗传防治的研究历史与现状  

History and status of the genetic control of insect pest

作　　者：严盈[1,2,3] 万方浩[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]Department of Entomology,North Carolina State University [3]Genetic Engineering and Society Center and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology,North Carolina State University [4]农业部外来入侵生物预防与控制研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2015年第2期81-93,74,共13页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2009CB119200);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD08A18);农业部农作物病虫害疫情监测与防治项目(2003-2015);中国农科院科技创新工程(2013-2015)

摘　　要：作为防治或根除重大害虫最为有效的手段之一,害虫遗传防治在世界范围内被广泛采用并取得了巨大成功。本文综述了不育昆虫技术、雌性致死系统和昆虫显性致死技术等经典害虫遗传防治策略的发展历史、技术特点和应用情况。近年来,许多新的分子生物手段被不断提出并整合到害虫遗传防治策略中,包括归巢核酸内切酶基因、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应因子核酸酶、CRISPR/Cas9系统、Medea元件、Killer-Rescue系统、Wolbachia-细胞质不亲和性系统等。基于这些新的工具手段,许多国家已经在不同程度上启动了下一代害虫遗传防治项目。而我国在该领域的研究相对薄弱,需要在借鉴国外成功经验的同时,进一步加强害虫遗传防治的基础和应用研究,从而实现本地有害生物的可持续治理和外来入侵生物的有效狙击,确保我国未来的粮食和生态安全。Genetic pest management （GPM） is one of the most efficient methods to control or eradicate insect pests and has been carried out worldwide with notable successes. Some classic GPM strategies including the sterile insect technology （ SIT）, female kill- ing system （FKS） and release of insects carrying dominant lethality （RIDL） are reviewed here. The development history, technical characters and application of SIT, FKS and RIDL technologies are introduced. In recent years, many new molecular or biological tools like the homing endonuclease gene, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, CRISPR/Cas9 sys- tem, medea element, the killer-rescue system and the Wolbachia-cytoplasmic incompatibility system were proposed to improve GPM efficiency. Some new tools were already used in control programs as next generation GPM strategies in some countries. The GPM practice in China is limited, and both basic and applied research on GPM should be enhanced, as the GPM technology can help with the sustainable management of some major pests and contribute to food production and human health in China.

关 键 词：不育昆虫技术 大规模饲养 染色体移位 遗传定性品系 转座子 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]