遗传不育技术在蚊媒疾病防控中的应用  

Application of genetic pest management in the control of mosquito-borne diseases

作　　者：王玉生[1] 李建伟[1] 张桂芬[1] 严盈[1,2,3] 李昕玥 万方浩[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]Department of Entomology,North Carolina State University [3]Genetic Engineering and Society Center and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology,North Carolina State University [4]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2015年第2期148-160,共13页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2009CB119200);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD08A18);农业部农作物病虫害疫情监测与防治项目(2003-2015);中国农科院科技创新工程(2013-2015);人力资源社会保障部2014年度留学人员科技活动择优资助项目

摘　　要：疟疾、登革热等重大传染性蚊媒疾病严重危害人类健康,且目前缺乏有效的药物和疫苗,防治埃及伊蚊、冈比亚按蚊等媒介昆虫是控制和消除这些疾病的有效手段。化学杀虫剂的大规模使用在一定程度上控制了疾病的传播,但其抗药性和环境污染等问题也随之而来。分子生物学的飞速发展为昆虫不育技术(SIT)的更新及害虫防治提供了新的策略,由此发展起来的以释放携带显性致死基因昆虫(RIDL)为代表的一系列遗传不育技术为蚊虫种群防控提供了更加有效的选择。本文概述了遗传技术在蚊虫防控中的应用进展,包括蚊虫遗传防治的历史和策略,阐述了RIDL技术体系的原理,同时介绍了相关遗传控制品系和已经开展的田间释放研究,展示了遗传修饰不育技术在蚊媒疾病防治中的巨大潜力。Mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria, are global problems and pose a serious threat to public health. An estimated 2.5 billion people live in areas at the risk of epidemic transmission. For now, no vaccines are available against the pathogens respnsible for these diseases, and the mosquito control is considered as one of the most effective ways to reduce trans- mission. Mass application of pesticides could reduce the mosquito population but it also brings problems like insect resistance and environmental pollution. The release of insects with dominant lethality （RIDL） technology and other genetic control systems based on the traditional sterile insect technique （SIT） provide new strategies to control disease vector mosquitos, such as Aedes aegypti and A- nopheles gambiae. Those new version of genetic control methods are species-specific and environment-friendly, and now being devel- oped and tested worldwide. Here the principle and recent progress of mosquito genetic control are reviewed. The history of mosquito SIT is introduced, and the genetic control strategies including self-limiting and self-sustaining populations are also illustrated. The development, as well as laboratory and field trials of RIDL strains are described. It is suggested that genetic control strategies such as RIDL are promising methods to fight against mosquitoes carrying human diseases.

关 键 词：蚊媒昆虫 遗传防治 昆虫不育技术 释放携带显性致死基因昆虫的技术 

分 类 号：R384[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]