黄河内蒙古河道冲淤及同流量水位的变化特点  

Characteristics of sedimentation and water lever at same discharge in the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River

作　　者：吴保生[1] 王永强 王彦君[1] 周丽艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2015年第3期8-14,共7页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2011CB403304);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAB02B02);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题(201303)

摘　　要：根据1953-2010年的实测水沙和冲淤资料,分析了黄河内蒙古河段的河道冲淤及同流量水位和比降的变化特点,探讨了累计淤积量与同流量水位和比降的关系。发现累计淤积量与累计来沙量之间具有较好的线性关系,但1953-1960年、1961-1986年、1987-2004年及2005-2010年各时段的斜率不同。单位水量淤积量与来沙系数之间关系密切,但由于没有考虑河床边界条件等的影响,只能用来粗略判别河道的冲淤情况。巴彦高勒站与三湖河口站的同流量水位之间具有较好的同步关系,且巴三段累计淤积量与三湖河口同流量水位的变化趋势基本一致,但与巴三段比降之间的关系却不明显,注意到孔兑来沙在局部河段的淤积对巴三段起到了局部侵蚀基准面作用,对巴三段具有一定的溯源淤积影响。由于头道拐断面为稳定的永久侵蚀基准面,其同流量水位变化很小,导致三湖河口的同流量水位及三头段累计淤积量与头道拐站的同流量水位无关,但三头段累计淤积量与三头段河道比降之间具有较好的相关关系,且三头段比降与9年滑动平均来水量之间关系密切,体现了来水条件的累计影响作用。Based on data of water runoff and sediment load as well as observed sediment deposition between 1953 and 2010, the characteristics of sedimentation and water level at same discharge in the Inner Mongolia Reach were analyzed. The relationships of cumulative deposition volume with water level at the same discharge and water surface slope were investigated. It was found that good correlations existed between the cumulative deposition volume and cumulative sediment load, but with different slopes in periods of 1953 to 1960, 1961 to 1986, 1987 to 2004 and 2005 to 2010. There was a good relationship between sediment deposition per unit water and the incoming sediment coefficient. However this relation can only be used to identify the status of sediment deposition, because the boundary conditions were not considered. There was a good synehrony rela- tion between water levels at same discharge at the Bayangaole and the Sanhuhekou stations. The trends of sedi- ment deposition in the river reach of Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou were basically the same as those of the water level at same discharge at the Toudaoguai station, but they were different from those of the river slope between Bayangaole and Sanhuhekou. Deposition at local reach due to sediment from tributaries might act as the local erosion basis for reach between Bayagaole and Sanhuhekou, and with consequences of retrogressive deposition. Because the Toudaoguai section acted as the permanent erosion basis and the water levels at same discharge re- mained generally stable, the water levels at same discharge at Sanhuhekou as well as the sediment deposition in the river reach of Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai were irrelevant to water levels at same discharge at the Toud- aoguai station. But the cumulative deposition volume in the river reach of Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai had a good relation with the river slope between Sanhuhekou and Toudaoguai, while the river slope had a good rela- tion with the 9 years＇ moving average of water runoff. This fact indicated the cumulative effec

关 键 词：黄河内蒙古河段 河道冲淤 来沙系数 同流量水位 河道比降 侵蚀基准面 

分 类 号：TV147.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]