不同土地利用方式对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响  

Effect of Different Land Use Types on Soil Macrofauna Community Structure

作　　者：杨丽红[1] 石红艳[1] 游章强[1] 唐中海[1] 刘昊[1] 贾小东[1] 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院生命科学与技术学院/生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621006

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2015年第2期208-214,共7页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省教育厅项目(12ZA078);绵阳师范学院项目(2012A15)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同土地利用方式对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响。【方法】野外手拣法采集大型土壤动物,运用Shannon-wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀性指数J、Simpson优势度指数C、Margalef丰富度指数D及密度-类群指数DG描述土壤动物群落结构特征,利用SPSS 16.0对数据进行分析。【结果】共捕获大型土壤动物181只,隶属25个类群,其中小蚓类和膜翅目为优势类群;大型土壤动物类群数最少的是荒地,大型土壤动物个体数量从多到少依次为:菜地(41只)>农田(40只)>果园(34只)>草坪(23只)=建筑用地(23只)>荒地(20只)。6种不同土地利用方式下:除建筑用地外,其他5种生境的大型土壤动物类群数量呈现明显的表聚性(P<0.05);除荒地和建筑用地外,其他4种生境的大型土壤动物个体数量均具有显著的表聚性(P<0.05)。不同土地利用方式下,大型土壤动物群落结构特征如下:农田大型土壤动物群落结构较复杂,多样性较高,菜园和果园次之,而荒地、草坪及建筑用地的较低。【结论】不同土地利用方式下,小蚓类和膜翅目为优势类群;总体上,大型土壤动物群落呈现表聚现象;农田大型土壤动物群落结构较复杂,而荒地、草坪及建筑用地的大型土壤动物群落多样性较低。总之,剧烈人为干扰、植被稀少或单一等不利于大型土壤动物生存。[Objective]This paper studied on the effect of different land use types on soil macrofau-na community structure.[Method]Soil macrofauna was collected with method of hand picking, and the community characteristic of soil macrofauna was described by Shannon-wiener index （H′）,Pielou index （J ）,Simpson index （C）,Margalef index （D）and DG index （DG）;data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.[Results]A total of 181 soil macrofauna individuals were col-lected,which belonged to 25 groups.Microdrile oligochaetes and Hymenoptera were both the dominant groups.Number of soil macrofauna groups in abandoned land was the least.The num-ber of soil macrofauna individuals in different soil types varied as followed：graden （41 individuls）〉 farmland （40 individuals）〉 orchard （34 individuals）〉 lawn （23 individuals）= building site （23 individuals）〉 abandoned land （20 individuals）.The number of soil macrofauna groups de-creased with depth increase of soil layer,showing obvious surface aggregation phenomenon under different soil types except building site （P 〈 0.05）,it was the same as individuals except aban-doned land and building site （P 〈 0.05）.The community characteristic of soil macrofauna was asfollows：diversity of soil macrofauna from farmland was highest,diversity of soil macrofauna from orchard and garden were lower,and it was the lowest of the diversity of soil macrofauna from a-bandoned land,lawn and building site.[Conclusion]All in all,Microdrile oligochaetes and Hy-menoptera were the dominant groups,and surface aggregation phenomenon was existed in soil macrofauna under different soil types.Community structure of soil macrofauna in farmland was complex,but diversity of soil macrofauna in abandon land,lawn and building site was low.So, sever human disturbance,rare or simple vegetation had disadvantage effect on the survival of soil macrofauna.

关 键 词：大型土壤动物 土地利用 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]