小麦产量构成因素的基因效应和杂种优势分析  

Gene effects and heterosis of yield components in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：姚金保[1] 杨丹[1] 周淼平[1] 马鸿翔[1] 杨学明[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院/江苏省农业生物学重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2015年第3期477-483,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部小麦现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX122026);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2013439)

摘　　要：为提高对小麦产量构成因素的选择效率,以7个半冬性小麦品种及按7×7双列杂交设计的21个F1杂交组合在2个地点的试验资料,研究了小麦2个产量构成因素—每穗粒数和千粒质量的基因效应和杂种优势。结果表明,每穗粒数和千粒质量的遗传符合加性-显性模型,基因显性效应的作用远大于其加性效应,显性程度为超显性。增效基因为显性,减效基因为隐性。每穗粒数和千粒质量在2个试点的平均狭义遗传力分别为54.00%和63.17%。每穗粒数和千粒质量表现正向的平均杂种优势和超亲优势,变异幅度较大,并在基因型、地点及基因型与地点互作间存在极显著差异。To improve the selection efficiency for yield components in wheat, the gene effects and heterosis of kernel number per spike （ KNS） and thousand-grain weight （ TGW） were studied. Seven winter wheat parents with diverse KNS and TGW were crossed by a 7×7 complete diallel crosses （Griffing’s method II）. Parents and their 21 crosses were grown in a randomized complete block design experiment at two sites during 2013-2014 growing seasons. The inheritance of KNS and TGW was in agreement with the additive-dominance model, and the dominant gene effects playeda predominant role in the genetic variation of the two traits. The degree of dominance was superdominant. Alleles controlling more KNS and high-er TGW were dominant. The average narrow sense heritabilities of KNS and TGW at two locations were 54. 00% and 63. 17%, respectively. Both KNS and TGW showed positive average heterosis and heterobeltiosis, with a great range of variation, and significant differences in magnitude of the heterosis were observed among genotype, location, and genotype × location interaction.

关 键 词：小麦 产量构成因素 双列杂交 基因效应 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]