赤星病胁迫对不同抗性烟草品种光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Impacts of Alternaria alternata stress on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in two tobacco cultivars with different resistances

作　　者：杨志晓[1,2] 丁燕芳[3] 张小全[1] 薛刚[1] 王轶 任学良[2] 任周营 杨铁钊[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,烟草行业烟草分子遗传重点实验室,贵阳550081 [3]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所,许昌461000 [4]江西中烟工业公司,南昌330096

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第12期4146-4154,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技项目(110201002008;Ts-01-2011003);贵州省烟草专卖局资助项目(中烟黔科〔2012〕11号);河南省烟草专卖局科技攻关项目(hykj200817)

摘　　要：以不同烟草赤星病抗性品种JYH(抗病品种)和CBH(感病品种)为材料,在盆栽试验条件下,调查不同烟草赤星病胁迫程度(轻度胁迫、中度胁迫和重度胁迫)对光合色素含量、光合作用参数和叶绿素荧光动力学特征的影响。结果显示:1)烟草赤星病胁迫导致2个品种的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈下降趋势,且JYH的降幅小于CBH。2)除JYH的净光合速率在轻度胁迫下有所增加外,JYH、CBH的净光合速率、气孔导度因烟草赤星病胁迫而降低。2个品种的胞间CO2浓度、气孔限制值变化具有明显差异,烟草赤星病胁迫导致CBH的胞间CO2浓度上升,气孔限制值则明显下降,这与JYH在重度胁迫下的变化趋势一致。而JYH的胞间CO2浓度在轻度、中度胁迫降低,气孔限制值则呈上升趋势。3)烟草赤星病胁迫下,2个品种的初始荧光(F0)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)均有所增加。重度胁迫下,JYH、CBH的F0分别比对照增加16.5%、34.48%,NPQ分别上升95.54%、137.45%,差异均达到显著水平。而各品种的最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)在烟草赤星病胁迫下均呈下降趋势,降幅表现为JYH<CBH。研究结果表明,JYH的光合色素、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性受烟草赤星病胁迫影响小于CBH,维持较高的光合性能是对烟草赤星病具有较强抗性的生理基础。Tobacco brown spot is one of the most serious diseases in tobacco production in China leading to enormous losses in yield and quality. It is necessary to select resistant tobacco cultivars to meet the demands for high quality tobacco production, but there have only been occasional reports on the pathogenesis of tobacco brown spot in the past. It is therefore very important to study the disease mechanism of tobacco brown spot in order to establish recommendations and a foundation for breeding resistant cultivars. The responses of photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic characteristics were investigated under three different stress levels of tobacco brown spot （mild, moderate and severe stress） at maturity using pot cultures. Two tobacco cultivars with different resistances to tobacco brown spot were selected as experimental materials to determine whether there was a correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and resistance. The cultivars selected were JYH （resistant cultivar） and CBH （sensitive cultivar）. The results showed that tobacco brown spot stress could decrease chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the two cultivars with different resistances. In addition, the decreased range of photosynthetic pigments was less in JYH than in CBH. Tobacco brown spot stress decreased both the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. However, the net photosynthetic rate of JYH increased under mild stress whereas there was a decrease under moderate and severe stress. In the two cultivars with different resistances, the changes in intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were divergent. The intercellular CO2 concentration in CBH tended to rise under the three different tobacco brown spot stress levels, whereas the stomatal limitation value showed a significant decrease. In JYH under severe stress, the photosynthetic parameters consisting of both intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductanc

关 键 词：烟草 烟草赤星病 光合色素 光合特性 叶绿素荧光参数 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]