赤水河上游主要树种枯落物调蓄水分效应  

Effects of litters of major tree species on the water storage in upper reaches of Chishui River

作　　者：喻阳华[1] 李光容 严令斌[1] 喻理飞[1] 黄宗胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第3期39-44,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州茅台科技联合基金项目"退化植被生态功能评价及生态修复技术与示范研究"(黔科合茅科联字[2009]7007);贵州省环境保护项目"赤水河上游退化植被水源涵养功能评价及恢复对策"(2013-09);贵州省社会发展攻关项目"喀斯特固碳增汇植被恢复技术及示范研究"(黔科合SY字(2012)3012)

摘　　要：以赤水河上游27种地带性及乡土树种为对象,从持水和失水2方面研究枯落物调蓄水分效应。结果表明：1）枯落物现存量为0.15~4.50 t/hm2,自然含水率为10.23%~137.66%,最大持水速率为3 122.83~9 555.80 g/（kg·h）,饱和持水深为0.04~1.70 mm,有效拦蓄深为0.02~1.27 mm,最大失水速率为209.52~2 423.21 g/（kg·h）,失水24 h的含水率为85.02%~256.18%,最大失水深为0.01~0.43 mm;2）所有枯落物持水速率和失水速率均表现出前期大于后期、初期下降更快、后期趋于平缓的特征;3）影响枯落物调蓄水分效应的因素主要有现存量、饱和持水深、有效拦蓄深、最大失水深、叶生活期和叶质地;4）按照持水、失水特征和叶片特征可划分为3类功能群,叶生活期可作为枯落物调蓄水分能力的评定指标。In order to investigate the effect of litters on the water storage in the upper reaches of Chishui River,we measured water holding capacity and water loss of 27 major tree species in the study area. The results showed that the amount of litters was 0. 15- 4. 50 t / hm2,natural moisture content was 10. 23%-137. 66%,the maximum water holding rate was 3 122. 83- 9 555. 80 g /（ kg·h）,the maximum water holding depth was 0. 04- 1. 70 mm,effective water interception depth was 0. 02- 1. 27 mm,the maximum rate of water loss was 209. 52- 2 423. 21 g /（ kg·h）,moisture content was 85. 02%-256. 18% after water loss for 24 h,and the maximum water loss depth was 0. 01- 0. 43 mm. Moreover,the rates of water holding and water loss of litters were higher in the earlier stage,declined quickly and became stable eventually. Several major factors contributing to water storage capacity of litters were determined as the amount of litters,the maximum water holding depth,effective water interception depth,the maximum water loss depth,leaf life stage and leaf texture. At last,litters were divided into three main functional groups according to their capacities of water holding,water loss and the leaf characteristics. Leaf life phase could be an indicator to evaluate the water-storing capacity of litters.

关 键 词：枯落物 持水 失水 功能群 赤水河上游 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]