不同矿化度咸水冬季结冰灌溉对滨海盐碱土的改良效果  

Effects of freezing irrigation with saline water on coastal saline land soil under different salinities

作　　者：李宪[1] 李亚光[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第3期64-68,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"生态城水系统构建多种类多类型植物生态修复技术方案研究"(2012ZX07308-001-06)

摘　　要：为了寻找适宜进行咸水结冰灌溉的灌溉用水矿化度区间,采用土柱模拟实验,研究不同矿化度（8、16、24和32 g/L）咸水结冰灌溉对滨海盐碱土的改良作用。结果表明：矿化度较低的灌溉用水（8和16 g/L）处理后的土柱0~50 cm土层相对于处理前表现为脱盐,而矿化度较高的灌溉用水（24和32 g/L）处理后的土柱0~50 cm土层相对于处理前表现为积盐。矿化度较高（24和32 g/L）的处理在春季冰层完全融化后,0~20 cm土层会出现爆发性的积盐,而在矿化度较低（8和16 g/L）的处理下并未产生爆发性的积盐。因此,使用低矿化度灌溉用水进行咸水结冰灌溉,在春季冰层完全融化后,0~50 cm土层表现为脱盐,且灌溉用水矿化度越低脱盐效果越好;较高矿化度的灌溉用水进行咸水结冰灌溉可能造成0~50 cm土层进一步积盐,采用高矿化度的灌溉用水进行咸水结冰灌溉可能会引起土壤的进一步盐碱化。在本实验条件下,灌溉用水矿化度低于16 g/L较适宜进行咸水结冰灌溉。In order to specify the optimal scope of salinity of irrigation water which could be used for freezing irrigation with saline water,the effect of freezing irrigation with saline water on coastal saline land soil was studied by simulated experiment on soil columns under different salinities of irrigation water.Compared with the pre-treatment samples,the top soil layer（ 0- 50 cm） of the soil columns treated by the irrigation water of low salinity（ 8 g / L,16 g / L） was desalinized,while that treated by the irrigation water of high salinity（ 24 g / L,32 g / L） was salinized. When the frozen layer of soil thawed completely next spring,the top soil layer（ 0- 20 cm） of the soil columns treated by the irrigation water of high salinity（ 24 g / L,32 g / L） showed drastic salinization,while that of treated by the irrigation water of low salinity（ 8 g / L,16 g / L） did not. Therefore,the top soil layer（ 0- 50 cm） showed desalinization by freezing irrigation with low saline water when frozen soil layer thawed next spring. The lower the salinity of irrigation water was,the better the effect of desalinization was. However,in the same situation,the top soil layer（ 0- 50 cm） showed salinization by freezing irrigation with highly saline water; therefore,the salinization of coastal saline land soil may be worsened if the soil was treated by freezing irrigation with high saline water. The results of the experiment suggest that the irrigation water with a salinity lower than16 g / L is optimum for freezing irrigation under the conditions of this experiment.

关 键 词：咸水结冰灌溉 矿化度 滨海盐碱地改良 土壤水盐动态 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]