河南铁棍山药的染色体数目及核型分析  

Chromosome number and karyotype analysis of Henan Tiegun yam( Dioscorea opposita Thunb. )

作　　者：周翼虎[1] 霍秀文[1] 刘向宇[1] 邰丽华[2] 苗慧琴[1] 张灵超 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2015年第3期305-310,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360480)

摘　　要：以根尖为材料采用酶解去壁低渗法,对河南铁棍山药（Dioscorea opposita Thunb.）染色体进行制片、计数,并进行了核型分析。结果表明,河南铁棍山药的染色体数目为120;核型公式为2 n=120=96 m（6 SAT）＋18 sm（4 SAT）＋4 st＋2 T,染色体相对长度组成为16 L＋26M2＋60M1＋18 S。染色体的绝对长度范围0.688-2.628μm,为微小型染色体或小型染色体。相对长度范围为0.869%-3.319%。核型不对称系数为58.13%。最长染色体长度是最短染色体长度的3.819倍,臂比大于2∶1的比例为11.67%,核型类别属于2B型,系统演化上属于较原始的植物。In this paper the chromosome number and karyotype of Henan Tiegun Yam （Dioscorea opposita Thunb. ） were analyzed by the enzymatic hydrolysis and low osmotic method. The results indicated that the chromosome number was 2 n = 120 and karyotype formula was 2 n = 120 =96 m （6SAT） ＋ 18 sm （4 SAT） ＋4 st ＋2 T. According to index of relative length,chromosomes are composed of 16 L ＋ 26M2 ＋60M1 ＋ 18 S. The absolute length was from 0. 688 to 2. 628 μm and the relative length was from 0. 869% to 3. 319% ,which was classified into micro type and small type. The coefficient of asymmetric was 58.13%. The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest was 3. 819 and the proportion of arm exceeding 2：1 was 11.67%. The karytype belonged to ＂2 B＂ type and whose evolution was relatively original.

关 键 词：山药 染色体数目 核型分析 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]