干旱区滴灌春小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收规律  

Law of Spring Wheat N,P,K Absorption under Drip Irrigation in Arid Regions

作　　者：虎净 危常州[1,2] 宋凯[1] 朱金龙[1,2] 赵红华[1,2] 张书捷[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第5期808-814,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA00508)

摘　　要：【目的】研究滴灌春小麦养分吸收规律。【方法】以新春6号为供试材料,设置氮磷钾三因素大田试验（施纯N 0、210、300、390 kg/hm^2,P2O50、60、120 kg/hm^2,K2O 0、45、90 kg/hm^2）,研究滴灌春小麦养分吸收规律。【结果】最高产量为7 529 kg/hm^2,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率分别为46.63%、17.05%、58.62%。此产量下春小麦地上部的氮磷钾吸收量分别为307、60和350 kg/hm^2。滴灌春小麦地上部氮磷钾吸收动态符合Logistic曲线,氮磷钾吸收出现高峰期为出苗后26-57 d,即拔节期到抽穗期,这段时期N、P、K吸收量占整个生育期吸收总量分别为66%-79%、62%-69%、66%-70%。【结论】滴灌施肥显著增加作物的养分吸收,随着施肥量的增加,作物N、P、K养分吸收量增加,吸收速率和最大吸收速率增大,快速吸收起始时间提前,快速吸收持续时间延长。氮肥快速吸收起始时间最早,钾肥次之,磷肥最晚。【Objective】N,P,K uptake rule of spring wheat under drip irrigation was studied by a field trail.【Method】The experiment was a 3 factor combination design,the dosage of N was 0,210,300,390 kg /hm^2,P2O50,60,120 kg / hm^2 and K2O was 0,45,90 kg / hm^2,respectively. The wheat variety was Xinchun 6（ Triticum aestivum L.）.【Result】The results indicated that fertigation significantly promoted crop nutrition uptake,the highest yield in the study was 7 529 kg / hm^2,and N,P and K use efficiency was 46. 63%,17. 05%and 58. 62%,respectively. Nutrition uptake dynamic by spring wheat followed logistic curve,the peak of uptake appeared at 26- 57 days after emergence,that was shooting to heading period,the nutrition uptake in this period occupied 66%- 79%,62%- 69% and 66%- 70% of total N,P,K nutrition uptake.【Conclusion】Crop nutrition uptake increased with the increase of fertilizer rate,nutrition uptake rate and highest nutrition uptake ratio was increased as well. Fertilizer input made quick uptake period shift to an earlier date,and kept a longer quick uptake period. Among N,P and K,the quick uptake period of N was the earliest,followed by K,and the latest was P.

关 键 词：滴灌 春小麦 氮 磷 钾 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]