温室番茄源库协调下冠层光分布特征及群体光合生产的研究  

Canopy Light Distribution and Photosynthetic Production with Its Source-sink Coordination in Tomato of Greenhouse

作　　者：王强[1] 贝丽柯孜.阿西木 麦麦提.牙森 帕提古丽[1] 杨涛[1] 杨生保[1] 王柏柯[1] 李宁[1] 唐亚萍[1] 庄红梅[1] 王浩[1] 余庆辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]疏勒县农业技术推广中心,新疆疏勒844200

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第5期823-829,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年基金项目(xjnkq-2013023);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"西北非耕地园艺作物生态高效生产技术研究与示范"(201203095-2013-01);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-25-G-51)

摘　　要：【目的】研究番茄源库协调下冠层叶面积分布、叶倾角、光透过系数等指标的变化,探讨叶片空间配置对冠层结构的影响及与群体光合生产,为温室番茄“矮、密、早”高产栽培提供理论支持。【方法】通过源库协调整枝,系统测定源库协调期叶面积指数、叶倾角、光透过系数等指标的空间分布,结合冠层群体光合速率的变化及光合生产与分配。分析温室番茄源库协调下冠层光分布特征及群体光合生产。【结果】源库协调下,从第2穗花序下换头冠层叶面积指数（LAI）在上层叶、中层叶均在2以上,叶面积指数分布比例高,平均叶簇倾斜角表现为：下层叶〉上层叶〉中层叶〉发育叶,下部茎叶夹角相对较大,群体直射辐射和散射辐射透过系数较小,番茄冠层群体辐射透过系数一直处于较适宜的范围,在0°-360°内叶分布较为均匀,消光系数从下层叶至表层叶逐渐减小,表层叶位没有“午休”现象,上层叶表现出轻微午休特性,中、下部叶位光合速率明显高于对照（CK）;植株鲜物质分配到根和果实中的比例分别比对照（CK）高19.2%、8.2%,干物质主要分配到果实,其干重分配比例比对照（CK）果实中高18.6%,群体光合在根和果实中生产,在果实中累积较多,有利于经济产量的形成。【结论】从第2穗花序下换头群体叶面积配置光分布较均匀,源库协调下冠层中部有较好的透光性,冠层底部漏光损失较小,整个冠层仍维持了较高的群体光合速率。促进了光合物质积累,冠层各层次的叶源与光分布的比例吻合程度高,保证了光能的有效利用,温室番茄冠层光合生产效率的继续提高主要依赖于冠层光照条件的改善,可通过整枝技术的改良来实现。【Objective】To study the changes of the index on distribution of canopy leaf area,leaf angle,coefficient of light in tomato source- sink coordination,to explore the blade space configuration on the influence of canopy structure and population photosynthetic production,in order to provide theoretical support for greenhouse tomato in ＂ short,dense,early＂ high- yield cultivation.【Method】Determination of source- sinkcoordination phase of spatial distribution in leaf area index,leaf angle,light transmission coefficient by source- sink coordinate training,considering the change of canopy population photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic production and distribution. Analysis of canopy light distribution and population photosynthetic production under greenhouse tomato source- sink coordination.【Result】The results indicated that the source- sink coordination,down from 2 spike inflorescence in crown layer of leaf area index（ LAI） in the upper leaves,middle leaves were more than 2,leaf area index distribution ratio was high,the average foliage inclination angle was shown as： the lower leaves upper leaves middle leaves leaf development,lower leaves relatively large angle,the coefficient of direct radiation and scattering of radiation was small,the tomato canopy group radiation through the scope of the coefficient was between a more appropriate degree from 0 °- 360 °with a relatively uniform leaf distribution,extinction coefficient from lower level to surface level gradually decreased,and there was no ＂ noon break＂ phenomenon on leaf surface,the upper leaf showed mild noon break characteristic,middle and lower leaf photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than the control（ CK）; The ratio of fresh material distribution to the root and the fruit was respectively 19. 2%,8. 2% higher than the control（ CK）,dry matter was mainly allocated to fruit,which was 18. 6% higher than the control（ CK）,suggesting that groups photosynthesis took place in roots and fruit production. They were mainly a

关 键 词：番茄 源库协调 冠层结构 光分布 光合 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]