尖果沙枣生长特征及光合特性对不同程度干旱胁迫的响应  

Response of Growth Parameters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht. to Different Drought Stresses

作　　者：马合木提.阿不来提 木合塔尔.扎热 齐曼.尤努斯 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第5期862-867,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目"新疆四种沙枣抗旱;耐盐性研究"(XJEDU2005I13)

摘　　要：【目的】研究土壤不同相对含水量,对一年生尖果沙枣幼苗生长特征参数和光合特性的影响。【方法】以一年生尖果沙枣实生苗作为研究对象,采用盆栽模拟干旱处理,测定其生长特征参数、光合特征参数和光合素色含量。【结果】随着土壤相对含水量的减少,尖果沙枣幼苗的主干、主枝的生长量和植株总生物量呈现先上升后下降趋势,其中T1处理的主干、主枝相对生长速率和总生物量均最高,值分别为（25.7±2.4）%、（194.0±32.6）%和（19.5±2.0）g,而T3处理的干物质积累率和根冠比均显著高于其它处理。与对照（CK）相比,T1处理的CO2同化效率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）均显著高,T2处理的Pn、Tr和Gs均无显著差异,T3处理的Pn、Tr和Gs均显著低。【结论】尖果沙枣具有较强的抗旱性,在土壤相对含水量为50%-55%（T1）的条件下,能表现出较高的CO2同化能力和生长势,而且轻度干旱条件在一定程度上能够抑制尖果沙枣主干的顶端优势,反而促进侧枝的生长,提高尖果沙枣在生态建设中的防风固沙能力。【Objective】To study the effect of soil different relative water contents on the growth parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht.【Method】The one- year- old Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht seedlings were used as the research object,and simulated drought treatment planting was adopted to measure the growth characteristic parameters,photosynthetic characteristic parameters and photosynthetic pigment content.【Result】With the reduction of soil relative water content,the trunk and branch growth,total biomass of growth parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht showed a rising trend at first,then decline,among which all of the trunk,branch relative growth rate and total biomass of T1 treatment showed the highest values,which were（ 25. 7 ± 2. 4） %,（ 194. 0 ± 32. 6） % and（ 19. 5 ± 2. 0） g,respectively,and the dry matter accumulation and root / shoot ratio of T3 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments. Compared with the control treatment（ CK）,there was a significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Tr） and stomatal conductance（ Gs） of T1 treatment,T2 treatment had no significant difference,and T3 treatment was significantly lower than the control. 【Conclusion】Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht showed a better drought resistance,the Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht seedlings growth in soil relative water content of 50%- 55% showed the best growth potential and high CO2 assimilation,and under light drought conditions,it could inhibit the apical dominance of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht trunks,but meanwhile promote the growth of branches,thereby increasing sand- fixing capacity of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht in ecological construction.

关 键 词：尖果沙枣 干旱 生长特征参数 光合特性 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]