创新扩散理论在城镇居民体育健身行为干预研究中的应用  

Application of diffusion of innovation theory on the intervention research of exercise behaviors in urban residents

作　　者：郭新艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都体育学院经管系,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第13期2375-2379,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目:体育公共服务均等化指标体系研究(批准号12CTY006)阶段性成果

摘　　要：目的基于追踪数据,验证创新扩散干预手段的有效性,从健康促进的角度提出干预手段和工作思路。方法针对部分城镇社区居民干预试验的基线数据(干预组165人、对照组178人)和追踪调查数据,应用大众传播媒体、人际传播方式、意见领袖和变革者等手段进行干预,采用描述统计、均值比较、方差分析、相关性分析等方法探究不同采用者的特征和干预效果。结果追踪调查结果显示,居民对于使用的干预手段有较好的认同度,干预手段在不同锻炼阶段的综合得分有明显差异(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,干预手段与锻炼阶段之间存在不同程度的相关。结论体育锻炼行为属于预防性创新,需要进行相应的健康教育和干预;大众媒体传播和人际传播手段在体育锻炼早期阶段能够发挥较为积极的作用,而作为较为有影响力的权威人物,意见领袖和变革推动者在个体形成体育锻炼行为规律之前,对体育锻炼者行为的引导和信心的建立尤为重要。这为体育锻炼干预手段的使用提供了新的思路和方法。Objective To prove the efficiencies of intervention methods of Diffusion of Innovation Theory based on tracking data, and propose intervention methods and working ideas from the perspective of health promotion. Methods Part of urban residents were divided into two groups, intervention group（165 people） and control group（178 people）. Mass media, interpersonal communication,opinion leaders and change agents were applied to the intervention group people. The baseline data and the tracking data of the two groups were collected. Those data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, comparison of means, analysis of variance and correlation analysis to study the characteristics of different adopters and the effect of intervention. Results The results of tracking survey showed that residents had better acceptance for the use of intervention. There were significant differences among the comprehensive scores which were got by applying intervention methods in different exercise stages（P〈0.05）. There was different degree of correlation between interventions methods and exercise stages which was showed by correlation analysis. Conclusion Physical exercise behavior belongs to preventive innovation, and it need the health education and intervention. Mass media communication and interpersonal communication play a positive role in the early stage of physical exercise. Moreover, as the authoritative people,opinion leaders and change agents are particularly important to establish guidance and confidence on physical exercise behavior before developing the regular pattern of physical exercise behavior. Therefore, those provide a new idea and method for the physical exercise intervention.

关 键 词：创新扩散 采用者 体育锻炼行为 城镇居民 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]