内浮顶罐中油气扩散运移的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation model of the oil-vapor diffusion and its migration from the internal floating-roof tank

作　　者：赵晨露 黄维秋[1] 石莉[1] 吴宏章[1] 王英霞[1] 杨光[1] 钟璟[2] 

机构地区：[1]常州大学油气储运技术省重点实验室,江苏常州213016 [2]常州大学石油化工学院,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第3期72-77,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21276029);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(11KJA610002);江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)(BE2011651)

摘　　要：内浮顶罐浮盘上气体空间的油气扩散运移规律对其安全隐患控制及损耗评估具有重要意义。基于单相扩散传质模型和RNGκ-ε湍流模型,采用UDF建立油气扩散模型,考察分析了通气孔分别位于罐壁和罐顶时罐内的油气扩散机理。结果表明:小型内浮顶罐的试验数据与模拟结果吻合良好;通气孔在不同位置时,气流对罐内油气的扰动规律不同,罐壁通气孔的开设使内浮顶油罐存在更大的安全隐患;外界风速引起的罐内泄漏点油品的有效扩散系数远大于无风时油品的分子扩散传质系数,建议API油气损耗评估公式考虑风速的影响。The paper is aimed at introducing a numerical simulation model of the oil-vapor diffusion and the oil vapor emission as the major leakage source and its migration from the internal floating-roof tank. As is known,it is possible to establish an oil vapor diffusion model and implant it into the software FLUENT by UDF so as to investigate the diffusion mechanism of the oil vapor when the vent is assembled in the wall or the roof of the tank according to the unidirectional diffusion model and the RNG κ- ε turbulence model. For the small internal floating-roof tank,it is easy to prove that the numerical results of the oil vapor diffusion tends to be well in accord with the experimental data. Yet,it is necessary to examine the impacts of the air flow through the side-wall vent and the roof-top vent on the evaporation and the diffusion as well as the migration of the oil vapor in the large internal floating-roof tank. The disturbance of the air flow through the wall vent is stronger than that through the roof vent under the same outside conditions at the high level in the tank. The absolute value of the differential pressure between the windward vent and the leeward vent in the wall of the tank is higher than that in the roof of the tank,and it grows exponentially with the speed of the air flow and the pressure of the leeward vent in the roof of the tank is higher than that of the windward vent. Moreover,for the vent arranged in the wall of the tank,the inflow air leads to the initial swirling near the front lip of the tank,then the swirling grows into a full recirculation within the gas space in the tank,which is likely to lead to the formation of full-explosive oil vapor in it. In addition,if the concentration of the outlet oil vapor reaches the maximum limit,it tends also to be prone to cause explosion. However,the air flow can be made far more easily to go than without the air flow by the fruitful application of the effective diffusion coefficient in the leak-point of the tank to get rid of the likely explosion. T

关 键 词：安全工程 内浮顶罐 油气扩散 通气孔 数值模拟 安全隐患 

分 类 号：K937[历史地理—人文地理学]