ALOHA在突发性大气污染事故中的应用  

Application of ALOHA in sudden air pollution accidents

作　　者：焦姣[1] 张静[1] 姬亚芹[1] 赵雪艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第3期151-155,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项2011年度项目(2011YQ060111)

摘　　要：以天津市某化工厂液氨罐泄漏为背景,在氨泄漏后果分析的基础上,用ALOHA(有害大气区域定位)模拟软件对事故影响范围进行模拟,得到可能事故场景下的氨气扩散区域、闪火可燃区域和蒸气云爆炸超压影响区域,以及射火和BLEVE火球热辐射影响。结果表明,液氨爆炸和火灾事故中BLEVE事故造成的危害范围最大,其次是蒸气云、闪火,最后是射火。液氨泄漏扩散事故影响范围可达几千米,应针对不同伤害区域采取不同方式和不同程度的救援措施。To study the influential zone of sudden air pollution accidents in a quantitative manner,this paper intends to make a simulation of the disastrous consequences likely to be caused by the emergent air pollution accidents in hoping to find the foundation and guidance for the emergency rescue methods of such hazardous chemical pollutants ＇ leakage. As is known,sudden air pollution accidents,such as the leakage of hazardous chemicals,which tend to occur from time to time quite often in recent years,are likely to cause poisoning,fire or explosion consequences,leading to inevitable human casualty and material damage. But the study of the problem may not be very inclusive,neither indepth enough. This paper is inclined to make a case study by taking a chemical plant in Tianjin suburb with a hypothesized leakage of ammonia tanks as a sample. Based on the consequence analysis of the ammonia leakage and the influence of accidents,we have made a simulated study of the toxic area of the vapor clouds,the flammable area of vapor clouds,the blast area of vapor cloud explosion and the influential zone of thermal radiation from the jet fire or fire ball of the accident scenarios via a software known as ALOHA. And,then,we have divided the influential areas of the different accident scenarios into death,heavy injuries and minor injuries according to the areas of ammonia diffusion simulation results. The results of our simulated research can be stated as follows： For the explosive and fire accidents,the BLEVE fire ball can be said the key factor leading to the disastrous accidents,which should be followed by the flammable fire of the vapor clouds,with the jet fire being the last. While in toxic accidents,the influential area can be forecast to spread over a few kilometers. In such a case,it would be necessary to take the specific rescue measures and particular approaches to meet the urgent needs of the different accident regions. In such an extremely disastrous situation,ALOHA can be expected to help to improve the safety and eff

关 键 词：公共安全 ALOHA 突发性大气污染事故 伤害阈值 氨泄漏 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]