基于村级尺度的湖南农村水贫困比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUNAN RURAL WATER POVERTY BASED ON VILLAGE SCALE

作　　者：杨玉蓉[1] 张青山[1] 邹君[1] 

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院资源环境与旅游管理系,湖南衡阳421008

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2014年第7期985-992,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(12YJCZH250);国家自然科学基金项目(41271533)

摘　　要：为综合评价湖南农村水贫困现状,找出有效应对措施,以国外最新的水贫困理论为依据,构建湖南农村水贫困评价指标体系;通过实地调查和访谈获取并整理出湖南3种地貌类型区6个行政村的水贫困评价数据;采用非均衡法测算水贫困状况并分析其驱动因素.结果表明：湖南农村水贫困具有明显的地域分异现象,即湘西山区最为严重,RWPI值均小于20;湘北洞庭湖平原区最弱,其值在55～56之间;而湘中丘陵区介于其间.不同地区水贫困各系统的综合得分不同,只有提高且均衡各系统的综合得分才能有效减轻地区水贫困程度.供水设施欠佳、利用能力偏低是地区间水贫困状况不同的主要驱动因素,而水资源状况是其次要驱动因素;农村环境问题和低效用水是省内各村水贫困评价的短板,因此地区水贫困是区域水资源自然禀赋与社会经济发展的综合结果.针对评价结果,提出了发展农村经济、提高综合实力、做好环保工作和提高用水效率等措施应对农村水贫困问题,可为新农村建设中的水资源管理提供新思路.Evaluation of water poverty is a new angle of view and method to estimate the water resources synthetically. In order to evaluate the present situation of rural water poverty in Hunan Province comprehensively, and find out the effective measures, this paper is based on the theory of water poverty which is the latest foreign theory.We structured water poverty index system of Hunan rural firstly, after that acquired and organized 6 villages data in 3 types of terrain area which is required for water poverty assessment by field investigation and interview.Finally, a non-equilibrium method was applied to calculate the water poverty value in 6 villages, and analyzed its driving factors. The results show that the water poverty in Hunan rural has obvious regional differentiation, implying that the mountain area of the northwest Hunan is the most serious area.Their value of RWPI are both less than 20; while RWPI value in the plain area of northern Dongting Lake is 55--56, stating that their water poverty is weakened clearly. And water poverty degree in hilly area of central Hunan is between above two areas. The comprehensive score of water poverty in each system is different ~rom other regions, in other words, the contribution rate to water poverty assessment is also different.So it＇s the only way that comprehensive score of every system is improved and balanced to reduce the area of water poverty degree effectively.Poor water supply facilities and low capacity of using water are the main driving factors, and the situation of water resources is their secondary driving factors leading to diverse degree of water poverty in different regions. Rural environmental problems and inefficient utilization of water in Hunan different villages both are short plate or common driving factors of its water poverty assessment.On the one hand, landform types influence the level of regional economic development and the distribution of natural water resources. On the other hand, regional economic development level has effect on its water

关 键 词：水贫困评价 农村地区 驱动因素 应对措施 湖南 

分 类 号：K928.4[历史地理—人文地理学]