上海近30年人为热变化及与气温的关系研究  

VARIATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC HEAT IN SHANGHAI IN RECENT 30YEARS AND ITS RELATION TO AIR TEMPERATURE

作　　者：顾莹[1] 束炯[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学飞行学院,上海201620 [2]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2014年第8期1105-1110,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：上海工程技术大学科技发展基金(重点项目)(2011XZ09)

摘　　要：为研究上海人为热,根据统计年鉴资料,估算了1978-2008年工业、民用和机动车人为热的排放量及其总和,并从时间变化和空间分布两个方面进行分析。鉴于人为热对温度的影响,根据上海地区11个区县气象观测站近30a的年平均气温资料,研究城郊气温及其差值与人为热变化的关系。结果表明：（1）近30a来,上海工业、民用和机动车人为热排放量及其总和呈现逐年上升的趋势。2000年前上海人为热缓慢增长;而2000年后（含2000年）则呈现快速增长的趋势。（2）工业是上海人为热的主要来源,但自1978年以来,工业人为热比重逐年下降。2000年起,机动车人为热比重超过民用人为热。（3）上海工业人为热排放主要分布在以宝钢为主的宝山长江沿岸地区、黄浦江沿岸市区段地区、以吴泾为主的闵行南部地区,以及金山石化地区。而民用和机动车人为热排放主要集中在市区。（4）自20世纪90年代以后,市中心与郊区的气温差加大,城市热岛效应强度日趋增强。同时,上海地区温度的空间分布特征与人为热的空间分布有很好的一致性。人为热的大量排放对气温的增加也是不可忽视的重要因素。Urban sprawl brings not only opportunities for economic developments but also environmental issues. Anthropogenic heat is one of the critical problems, caused by energy consumption of human activities, such as increasing vehicles, industrial combustion, air-conditioning, and so on. It will increase the heat with aerosols and greenhouse gases emitted, form the urban canopy and inhibit the heat to spread. It is also an unnegligeable factor in the formation of urban heat island. Anthropogenic heat can be classified into three sources,i.e, industry, residential dwellings and vehicles. To study the anthropogenie heat in Shanghai, annual total heat during the period of 1978-- 2008 was firstly calculated. The original data used in this paper were compiled from statistical yearbooks, including annual total energy consumption and its growth rate, population, energy conversion efficiency, heat rate of coal, total living energy consumption, annual mean mileage, automobile amount, fuel consumption, heat conversion and so on. Secondly, the temporal variations of anthropogenic heat were discussed, especially the annual variation of three sources ratios. Thirdly, the spatial variations were estimated using the statistical data, high resolution remote sensing data and monitoring data （e.g. traffic flow）. Meanwhile, these data were interpolated into 1 km× 1 km grids by means of geographical information system, which can be used for numerical simulations. Last but not least, the relation between temperature and anthropogenic heat was analyzed. Based on annual mean air temperature data of recent 30 years at 11 meteorological sites in Shanghai, this paper studied the changes of temperature and the differences between urban area and suburbs, and the relation to anthropogenic heat temporally and spatially using observation data and remote sensing data. The main results can be concluded as the following. First, the annual total heat in Shanghai has been increasing during the past 30 years. It ascended slowly before the year of 200

关 键 词：人为热 时间变化 空间分布 气温 上海 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]