8种除草剂对烟草的安全性及倍创对砜嘧磺隆的减量增效作用  

Safety of Eight Herbicides to Tobacco Plants and the Effect of Beichuang of Reducing Application Rate for Better Control Efficiency for Rimsulfuron

作　　者：罗金香[1] 石生探[1] 丁伟[1] 何林[1] 张永强[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期34-40,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：全国烟草有害生物调查研究项目资助(NY2010060103007);重庆市重点攻关项目资助(CSTC2009AB1180);重庆市烟草公司重庆烟草有害生物综合治理重大专项资助(NY20140401070003);西南大学学科团队研究项目资助(2362014XK08)

摘　　要：为筛选出高效安全的烟田茎叶除草剂,该文采用喷雾法研究了8种除草剂对烟田杂草的防除效果及烟草的安全性和增效剂"倍创"对砜嘧磺隆的减量增效作用.结果表明15%精吡氟禾草灵EC 750mL/hm2、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 1 200mL/hm2、5%精喹禾灵EC 750mL/hm2和12%烯草酮EC 600mL/hm2对单子叶杂草具有良好的除草效果,药后30d的株防效均达80%以上,鲜质量防效均达75%以上;25%氟磺胺草醚AS 1 500mL/hm2、24.1%三氟羧草醚AS 1 125mL/hm2和75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WP 225g/hm2对阔叶杂草具有良好的除草效果,药后30d的株防效均达80%左右;25%砜嘧磺隆WG 75g/hm2总体防效最高,药后30d的总体株防效和鲜质量防效均达70%左右.对烟草最为安全的除草剂是25%砜嘧磺隆WG,其处理后对烟草生长各项指标的影响由药后15d虽低于对照但差异不显著,到药后30d与对照差异不显著且高于对照;10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC和12%烯草酮EC对烟草也较为安全;5%精喹禾灵EC、25%氟磺胺草醚AS、24.1%三氟羧草醚AS和75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WP对烟草不安全.倍创是砜嘧磺隆较为适合的增效剂,0.02%(W/W)的倍创同减少砜嘧磺隆常规用药量的20%混配处理的防效与砜嘧磺隆常规用药量处理不存在极显著性差异,此配方可推荐为砜嘧磺隆田间使用的减量增效配方.In order to select efficient and safe herbicides for foliar spray in tobacco fields, the spraying method was used to evaluate the efficacy of eight herbicides on weeds in tobacco fields and their safety to tobacco plants, and the effect of the pesticide synergist Beichuang used in combination with rimsulfuron was investigated. The results showed that strain effect and fresh weight control effect of 15% fluazifop-p-butyl EC 750 mL/hm2, 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl EC 1 200 mL/hm2 , 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC 750 mL/hm2 and 12% clethodim EC 600 mL/hm2 were higher than 80% and 75 %, respectively, to monocotyledonous weeds 30 d after spray; strain effect of 25% fomesafen AS 1500 mL/hm2 , 24. 1% aeifluorfene AS 1125 mL/hm2 and 75% trifloxysulfuron sodium WP 225 g/hm2 was about 80% to broadleaf weeds 30 d after spray; 25% rimsulfuron WG 75 g/hm2 had the highest overall control effect, both the overall strain effect and the fresh weight control effect be- ing about 70% to monocotyledonous weeds and broadleaf weeds 30 d after spray. To tobacco plants, 25~//oo ethyl sulfone WG was the safest herbicide. The indicators of tobacco growth were lower.than those of the control 15 d after the treatment but the difference was non-significant. The indicators of tobacco growth were higher than those of the control 30 d after the treatment but the difference was non-significant statistically. The second safe herbicide to tobacco was 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl EC. 15% fluazifop-p-butyl EC and 12% elethodim EC were also comparatively safe to tobacco. 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC, 25% fomesafen AS, 24.1% acifluorfene AS and 75 % trifloxysulfuron sodium WP were unsafe to tobacco. Beichuang proved to be a desirable synergist to rimsulfuron. There was no significant difference between the control effect of the treatment of 0.02% （W/W） Beichuang mixture with reduction of 20% rimsulfuron and the conven- tional dosage of rimsulfuron. This formula is recommended in tobacco fields to reduce rimsulfuron applica- tion dosage and improve weed control eff

关 键 词：除草剂 烟田杂草 防除效果 减量增效 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]