土壤-气候和烟草品种及其互作对云南昭通烟叶化学品质的影响  

Effect of Soil and Climate Conditions,Tobacco Varieties and Their Interactions on the Chemical Qualities of Tobacco Leaves in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province

作　　者：黄爱缨[1] 木志坚[2] 蒋珍茂[2] 黄韡[3] 查宏波 倪霞[3] 王强[2] 魏世强[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [3]云南省烟草公司昭通市公司,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第10期55-63,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：云南省烟草专卖局(公司)资助项目"昭通烟叶品质与自然生态相关性研究"(2010YN24;西南大学ZY2010-115);国家科技支撑计划课题"西南山地农区农业面源污染防控技术研究与示范"(2012BAD15B04-003)

摘　　要：在云南昭通10个植烟生态区进行田间试验,以探讨土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作对烟叶14个化学品质指标的影响.与优质烟叶的最佳范围相比,昭通烟叶钾、氯含量和氮碱比略低,总糖及其与还原糖之差偏高,其它指标较为适宜;土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作和烟叶等级对烟叶化学品质的综合影响程度不同,它们对烟叶14个化学指标总变异的贡献率分别为48.0%,10.3%,19.7%,22.0%,土壤-气候对烟叶化学品质的影响最大,烟草品种的影响最小.在土壤和气候因素中,土壤对烟叶总氮、蛋白质、淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量和糖氮比具有主导作用;气候对烟叶氮碱比和钾氯比具有主导作用;其它指标如烟叶钾、氯、烟碱、多酚、石油醚提取物含量和糖碱比则受土壤和气候双重因素制约.值得一提的是,降雨频率是一个重要的气象因素,它对烟叶钾、氯、烟碱含量和糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比具有重要的调控作用.In-situ field experiments were carried out at ten tobacco-planting eco-regions in Zhaotong of Yunnan Province to investigate 14 quality-related chemical indices of tobacco leaves and their association with soil and climate conditions ,tobacco varieties and their interactions .The tobacco leaves in Zhaotong were characterized by relatively lower contents of potassium ,chlorine and lower ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine ,and relatively higher values of total sugar and its difference from reducing sugar ,while the values of other chemical indices were mainly within the range required for the high-quality tobacco leaves .The effect sizes of soil ,climate and other factors on the measured chemical indices of tobacco leaves were dif-ferent .The relative contribution of soil-climate ,tobacco variety and their interaction and leaf grade to the total variation of the 14 chemical indices of tobacco leaves was 48.0% ,10.3% ,19.7% and 22.0% ,re-spectively .This indicated that soil-climate conditions had the strongest effect on the measured chemical in-dices of tobacco leaves while the effect of variety was the least .Of the 14 quality-related chemical indices of tobacco leaves ,the contents of total nitrogen ,protein ,starch ,total sugar ,reducing sugar and the ratio of reducing sugar to total nitrogen were mainly regulated by soil factors ;however ,the ratios of total nitrogen to nicotine and potassium to chlorine were mainly influenced by climate factors ;and the other indices , such as the contents of potassium ,chlorine ,nicotine ,polyphenols ,extractions by mineral ether ,and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine were mainly regulated by soil-climate interaction .It should be mentioned that rainfall frequency may play a significant role in regulating the contents of potassium ,chlorine and their ratio ,and the content of nicotine and its ratio to reducing sugar or total nitrogen for tobacco leaves .

关 键 词：土壤 气候 烟草品种 交互作用 化学品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]