“呗”的态度取向及其语义基础  

Attitudinal Orientations and Semantic Source of Sentence-Final Particle Bei

作　　者：赵春利[1] 石定栩[2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院中文系,510632 [2]香港理工大学中文及双语学系

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2015年第4期68-78,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南远航计划15JNYH002);2013年度国家社科基金一般项目"基于语义地图的句末助词多功能研究"(13BYY117);香港理工大学研究项目Sentence-Final Particles in Chinese--A Cross-Dialect Study of their Functions and Properties(G-U927);2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"基于语言类型学的形名组合研究"(12YJA740114);2012年度国家社科基金一般项目"汉语虚词词典编撰的方法论创新及其实践"(12BYY101);2013年度暨南大学研究生精品课程<现代汉语语法学>(51001071)的资助

摘　　要：本文通过分析"呗"字句在话语上的语体功能、与引发句的语义关联、与评价句的态度关联来验证"呗"的语义、态度取向及其语义基础。首先,准确定位"呗"字句作为"口语对话体应答句"的语体功能。其次,根据语体功能解析"呗"字句受到的语义制约:语义关系上的广义因果关联、语义顺逆上的承推关联和语义功能上的承受解劝关联。第三,基于评价句的态度关联,提取"呗"的核心语义"应而不愿"及其四种态度取向:不在乎、无奈何、不耐烦和不满意。最后,通过把"呗"的态度取向解构为认知、情感和意向三个要素,从逻辑范畴角度解析语义关联对四种"呗"态度取向的语义制约性,从而为解释"呗"的成因奠定语义基础。This article aims to describe and explain the attitudinal orientations and semantic source of bei （呗） by analyzing its stylistic function, its semantic relevance to the lead-sentence, and its attitudinal relevance to the commentary sentence. First, it is pointed out that bei is always at the end of the answer sentence in dialogue. Secondly, we analyze the three types of semantic relevance between the answer sentence with bei and its lead sentence. They are cause-effect, proposition-acceptance and troubleshooting. Thirdly, the core meaning ＂reluctant to answer＂ of bei can be extracted. Four types of attitudinal relevance between answer sentences with bei and the appraisal sentences are explored, which are insensibility, helplessness, impatience, and dissatisfaction. Finally, it is argued that the attitudinal orientations of bei are composed of cognition, affection and intention, and are restricted by the semantic relevance.

关 键 词：“呗”字句 引发句 评价句 承推关系 态度取向 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]