过载法消除矩形压力蒸汽灭菌器焊接残余应力的数值分析  

Numerical Analysis of Reducing Welding Residual Stress in Rectangular Pressure Steam Sterilizer by Overload Method

作　　者：宇慧平[1] 杨柳[1] 赵尔冰[2] 冯峰[1] 韩长录 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机电学院,北京100124 [2]北京市朝阳区特种设备检测所,北京100122

出　　处：《压力容器》2015年第6期49-54,共6页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：国家质检总局科技计划项目(2011QK037);北京市自然科学基金(3122004)

摘　　要：灭菌器的内腔通常由奥氏体不锈钢焊接而成,焊接残余应力与腐蚀介质共同作用,具有较高的应力腐蚀倾向,降低残余应力可减轻应力腐蚀。采用SYSWELD软件对奥氏体不锈钢矩形压力蒸汽灭菌器进行包括对接焊、搭接焊、T型焊三种焊接方式的数值模拟,得到焊后残余应力的分布;将焊接模拟结果导入到NASTRAN软件中,对灭菌器夹套和内壁进行加压卸载模拟,得到加压卸载后残余应力的分布。分析其残余应力变化规律,结果表明:过载法能有效改善矩形蒸汽灭菌器残余应力的分布情况;316L更容易通过加压卸载方法消除残余应力。Generally, the lumen parts of sterilizer pressure vessels are welded by austenitic stainless steel. A serious stress corrosion will be caused by the combination of the welding residual stress and corrosion medium. Overload method can be used to reduce the residual stress. SYSWELD software is used for numerical simulation on the welding residual stress of austenitic stainless steel rectangular sterilizer, including butt welding,lap welding, T type welding. NASTRAN software is used to simulate the process of unloading with pressure on jacket and inner wall of sterilizer, and then to obtain the variation tendency of the residual stress. The results showed that the overload method improves the distribution of residual stress of rectangular steam sterilizer effectively. And overload method has different effects on different materials to eliminate residual stress.

关 键 词：奥氏体不锈钢 压力容器 残余应力 过载法 数值分析 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]