蜜蜂黑蜂王台病研究进展  

Research Progress in Black Queen Cell Virus Causing Disease

作　　者：杨倩[1,2] 张健[3] 宋战昀[1] 郑言[1] 王向辉[1] 隋佳辰 王振国[1] 牟峻[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心,长春130062 [2]吉林农业大学,长春130118 [3]长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司,长春130062

出　　处：《病毒学报》2015年第3期318-325,共8页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31001065);国家质检总局科技计划项目(2013IK033)

摘　　要：蜜蜂是自然界中最重要的授粉昆虫,既能维护自然生态系统的多样性,又能保持农业生态系统的增产效应。但近年来蜜蜂疫病频发给养蜂业带来巨大的损失。黑蜂王台病自1955年首次报道以来,目前呈世界性分布,主要感染蜂王幼虫和蛹,引起虫体变暗变黑,甚至导致整个巢房壁变黑,可引发蜜蜂大量死亡。该病为季节性流行,且常呈隐性感染,可通过水平和垂直途径传播,微孢子虫不仅作为媒介生物在该病的传播中起到重要作用,同时微孢子虫感染蜜蜂后会导致隐性感染黑蜂王台病毒的蜜蜂迅速发病致死。黑蜂王台病毒宿主范围广,不仅可以感染多种蜂属,而且还可感染蜘蛛、蜈蚣等节肢动物。该病毒可与其他蜜蜂病毒发生合并感染。本文对黑蜂王台病的发生、流行过程、地域分布、传播途径等方面的研究进展进行综述。In nature,honeybees are the most important pollinators.They play a vital role in both protecting the diversity of natural ecosystems,and maintaining the yield-improving effects of agro-ecosystems.But in recent years,epidemic disease in bees has caused huge losses.Black Queen Cell Virus（BQCV）is a bee pathogen that was first reported in 1955.It mainly infects bee larvae and pupae,making their bodies turn dark and black,and causing a massive decrease in the bee population.More specifically,the virus makes the exterior of the cell walls in the larvae and pupae turn black.BQCV is a seasonal epidemic,spread by means horizontal and vertical transmission,and is often unapparent.BQCV not only infects a variety of bee species,but also spiders,centipedes and other arthropods.It can also be co-infected with other honeybee viruses.In recent years,research has shown that the Nosema intestinal parasite plays an important role in BQCV transmission and bees carrying Nosema that become infected with BQCV have increased mortality.Here we summarize current research on the incidence,prevalence,geographical distribution and transmission of BQCV.

关 键 词：蜜蜂黑蜂王台病 流行 分布 

分 类 号：S476.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]