深沟造林条件下秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和盐分变化的影响  

Effect of straw mulching on soil nutrient and salinity changes under condition of deep trench planting

作　　者：鲁天平 史征 刘永萍 田云峰 吴圣华 

机构地区：[1]新疆林科院造林治沙研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆塔城地区林业科学研究所,塔城834700 [3]新疆林业厅治沙办,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第12期165-172,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：科技部国家科技支撑计划(2007BAC17B05);国家林业局林业公益性行业科技专项(201304714);新疆乌鲁木齐市科技计划(Y121320011)

摘　　要：为了综合分析深沟造林条件下秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和盐分的影响,该研究于2008-2012年在新疆塔城盆地老风口生态区新植林地进行了4 a定位试验,设置了3个处理,即深沟70 cm秸秆覆盖、深沟70 cm不覆盖和常规（不深沟不覆盖）,分析了这3种处理在2008-2012年间的土壤养分和盐分的变化特征。结果表明：4 a后,深沟秸秆覆盖条件下土壤容重降低9.7%~24.9%,孔隙度提高11.2%~20.2%,饱和持水率增加13.0%~24.6%,土壤有机质质量分数增加24.48%。土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和持水率、养分含量改善情况均为：深沟秸秆覆盖〉深沟秸秆不覆盖〉常规。深沟秸秆覆盖条件下土壤表层（0~20 cm）盐分降低35.7%,底层（≥40~70 cm）土壤盐分降低2.9%,而深沟不覆盖盐分降低不显著。该研究表明,深沟秸秆覆盖改善了土壤结构、提高土壤养分、抑制蒸发和盐分表聚,为树木的正常生长提供了有利条件。In order to provide theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of desert sand gravel soil,we studied the effects of straw mulching on the nutrients and salt in the soil under the condition of deep trench planting and assessed the capabilities of straw mulching such as soil nutrients accumulation,inhibiting soil evaporation and soil salt accumulation in surface soils.Field experiments were conducted in Laofengkou ecological zone located in the Tacheng basin of Xinjiang.The total experimental area was 10 000 hm2,where grooves were excavated parallelly by using mini excavators according to contour lines.The spacing between grooves was 3.0 m and the length,width and depth of each groove were 50 m,50 cm and 70 cm respectively.Wheat straw with a thickness of about 20 cm was mulched to the grooves and the quantity for each groove was 5 m3.And the length of wheat straw was in accord with the crush degree of the wheat harvester.The biennial plant Popolus Russkii was selected as the experimental plants,and the planting spacing was 2.0 m.Three treatments were designed as follows： 1） straw coverage for 70 cm groove; 2） no straw for 70 cm groove; and 3） conventional planting without straw.Soil samples were collected in July,2008（before experiment） and in September,2012 in 3 depths of soil layers including 0-20,20-40 and 40-70 cm.Nine sampling points were chosen randomly as replications for each treatment,and finally 108 soil samples were collected.Then we used the cutting ring weighing method,the contamination of water saturation method and conventional methods,such as capacity of potassium dichromate method to analyze characteristics of soil nutrient and salt.The results of the study were as follows： the soil bulk density under the straw coverage for 70 cm groove treatment decreased by 9.7%-24.9% compared with the conventional planting treatment,whereas the soil porosity and the soil saturated water capacity increased by 11.2%-20.2% and 13.0%-24.6%,respectively.Soil organic matter increased 24.48% under

关 键 词：土壤 秸秆 盐分 覆盖模式 土壤养分 深沟秸秆覆盖 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]