螺旋离心泵内回流涡空化特性  

Characteristics of backflow vortex cavitation in screw centrifugal pump

作　　者：邓育轩[1] 李仁年[1] 韩伟[1] 杨文洁[1] 李正贵[1] 张毅鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第1期86-90,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51079066)

摘　　要：为了研究回流涡空化特性,对一台螺旋离心泵内部的空化流动进行了可视化研究,在一定的工况下该泵内部发生了回流涡空化,捕捉到了不同流量下螺旋离心泵内部回流涡空化形态,发现回流漩涡空化中存在2个旋转的空化云,并且随着流量的减小,回流涡空化云体积逐渐减小;对该泵进行了数值模拟,发现随着流量的减小,泵进口外部形成的回流区域变小,从而导致回流涡空化云体积逐渐减小。该文对螺旋离心泵内回流涡空化体积演变机理的深入研究提供了参考。Screw centrifugal pump has swirling backflow under a wide range of flow rates. The backflow vortex structure occurs in the shear layer between the main flow and the swirling backflow. The pressure at the core of a backflow vortex is lower than the ambient pressure due to the centrifugal force on the vertical flow which results in cavitation if the core pressure becomes lower than the vapor pressure. This is called backflow vortex cavitation. In order to study the backflow vortex cavitation, a screw centrifugal pump was designed for experimental studies. The clearance between vane rim and cover plate was 2.9 mm in this screw centrifugal pump. By using the high speed video picture, we observed two backflow vortex cavitation clouds extending upstream from the tip at the screw centrifugal pump inlet, covering a wide range of flow rates. We also found that under a certain net positive suction head （NPSH）, i.e., when the flow rate was decreased, the volume of the two backflow vortex cavitation cloud was decreased. Experimental studies on the backflow vortex cavitation from this screw centrifugal pump have provided novel insight of the characteristics of backflow vortex cavitation, but the limited information has not lead to the complete understanding of the phenomena. In addition to blade surface and backflow vortex cavitations, tip leakage cavitation occurred for screw centrifugal pump with tip clearance. With these types of cavitation, the flow in a screw centrifugal pump presented a very complicated three-dimensional structure. Since experiment results give limited information, numerical simulation plays an important role to further understand such complicate flow phenomena. Using the CFD code, the fundamental characteristics of the backflow vortex cavitation was investigated in detail. It was found that the backflow vortices were formed in a circumferentially twisted manner at the boundary between the swirling backflow and the straight inlet flow. When the flow rate was decreased, the screw centrifugal pump inl

关 键 词：离心泵 流体力学 数值模拟 回流空化 

分 类 号：TH311[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]