考虑配重的垂直摇臂式喷头摇臂运动规律及水力性能  

Arm movement law and hydraulic performance of vertical impact sprinkler with counterweight

作　　者：汤攀[1] 李红[1] 陈超[1] 邹晨海[1] 蒋跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第2期37-44,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目计划(2011AA100506);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20140565);江苏省2014年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划(KYLX_1041);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：为了研究摇臂运动规律及配重对喷头水力性能的影响，以垂直摇臂式喷头为研究对象，对垂直摇臂式喷头摇臂的运动特征进行理论分析，推导出摇臂运动周期公式，并在公式中考虑了配重位置变化因素；采用高速摄影对 Nelson SR100喷头的摇臂运动情况进行了试验研究，将得出的摇臂运动周期与计算结果进行对比，并通过改变配重安装位置来考察运动周期变化对喷头水力性能的影响。结果表明：通过高速摄影试验得到的摇臂运动周期与理论公式计算值吻合较好，相对误差基本在10%以内，验证了推导公式的正确性，针对理论公式的计算误差，根据试验结果对理论进行了修正，进一步提高了理论公式的计算精度，相对误差都在3%以内；增大喷头工作压力和前移配重安装位置均可使喷头的运动周期减小。配重位置距摇臂旋转轴较近时，喷头近处的喷灌强度明显增加，3～10 m内的水量分布较配重在最远处时增加了40%左右；配重位置距摇臂旋转轴远时，喷头近处的喷灌强度随之降低，射程末端的喷灌强度随之增加。该研究可为垂直摇臂式喷头摇臂设计方法的建立和在喷头运行过程中能合理调节摇臂配重提供参考。As a kind of advanced water-saving irrigation technology, sprinkler irrigation system is adaptable to many crops, soils, and topographic conditions. At present, the most representative and most widely used sprinkler of the high pressure sprinklers are vertical impact drive sprinkler. In order to study the arm movement law of the sprinkler and the influence of counterweight on the hydraulic performance of the sprinkler, with the vertical impact sprinkler as the research object, this paper analyzed the arm movement characteristics of the vertical impact sprinkler by use of theoretic and experimental methods. The arm movement model of the vertical impact sprinkler was established, and according to this model, the free and non-free arm movement times were deduced and then the calculation formula of arm movement period was obtained. In this calculation formula, the factor of counterweight position change was taken into account. The experimental study on the arm movement of Nelson SR100 sprinkler was made with high-speed photography, then the experimental results of arm movement period were compared with the theoretical values, and the effect of arm movement period change on the hydraulic performance of the sprinkler was studied by changing the counterweight installation positions. The results showed that： the free and non-free arm movement times both decreased with the increase of working pressure under the same counterweight installation position. The free arm movement time was considerably larger than the non-free arm movement time, and over 90% of one arm movement period was free movement. In the free movement period, the curve of the arm angular displacement approximated to a smooth semi-period sine curve with the change of time. The arm movement period values obtained through the experiment of high-speed photography well coincided with the calculated values, with most of the relative errors within 10%, which verified the accuracy of the theoretical period formula. In view of the calculation errors of the theore

关 键 词：灌溉 喷头 压力 垂直摇臂式 运动规律 高速摄影 修正系数 喷灌均匀度 

分 类 号：S277.94[农业科学—农业水土工程]