有机生活垃圾半干发酵菌群的分布变化特征  

Microbial community characteristics of semi-dry anaerobic digestion with organic waste

作　　者：于美玲 张大雷 李玉婷 董晓莹 王晓明 寇巍 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省能源研究所,营口115003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第2期253-258,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC25B07)

摘　　要：为了研究有机生活垃圾厌氧发酵中菌群的分布变化特征,以有机生活垃圾为生物质资源,进行半干式厌氧发酵试验。采用最大或然数法(most probable number,MPN)分析发酵过程中厌氧菌群时间和空间上的数量变化。结果表明:厌氧菌中产酸菌先于氨化菌达到最大值并占据优势地位,产甲烷菌在启动阶段初期基本没有增殖,第25天左右达到最大值3.2×109个/m L,随后产甲烷菌在整个盛产期数量维持在这一数量级上。厌氧纤维素降解菌菌数呈现缓慢增长的趋势,直到投料的第45天才增加到106个/m L。空间上厌氧产酸菌和甲烷菌的数量均是在基质条件稳定的中部位置和流动性较好的底部位置较多;厌氧氨化菌数量较多的为中部边缘和中部中心位置;厌氧纤维素降解菌主要在底部增殖。初步构建了产酸菌与产甲烷菌时间和空间的动力学模型,模型拟合效果良好,可为厌氧发酵工艺提供参考。该文对有机垃圾制取生物燃气的工艺过程具有理论指导意义。The organic waste mainly refers to the solid waste that is generated by residents’ daily life. If the organic waste is converted into energy through anaerobic digestion, it will reduce the adverse impact on the environment and contribute to reduction in consumption of fossil fuel. Analysis of the space and time differences of various kinds of microbial community in fermentation process, plays a very important role for controlling the fermentation process effectively, understanding the fermentation stage, optimization of fermentation conditions and improving the efficiency of biogas production. This paper investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of microbial community during the semi-dry fermentation of organic waste, and studied the relationship of acid production, methane production and ammonia production using most probable number （MPN）. The experiment used anaerobic fermentation under one-time charging medium temperature （37℃）, and designed six sampling positions. The inoculum was biogas slurry fermented with pig manure, and the concentration was 30%, pH value was adjusted to 7.0 before anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that, in the early stage of organic waste anaerobic fermentation, large amounts of air existed in the reactor, and there was less number of anaerobic bacteria. With the formation of the anaerobic environment and rich nutrients, the number of anaerobic bacteria began to rise. The anaerobic acidification bacteria and anaerobic ammonification bacteria proliferated earliest, and the acidification bacteria was prior to reach maximum than ammonification bacteria and occupied the dominant position. The methane bacteria didn’t proliferate at the start-up phase, they enter the fast growth stage after 15 days, and the peak value was 3.24×109 mL-1 on the 25th day. In the gas peak decline period, the number of anaerobic ammonification bacteria and anaerobic acidification bacteria began to decline, however, the methane bacteria number kept on the order of magnitude in the w

关 键 词：垃圾 菌 发酵 厌氧产酸菌 厌氧氨化菌 厌氧纤维素降解菌 产甲烷菌 时空分布 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]