“击穗气吹式”杂交水稻制种授粉机授粉管优化与试验  

Optimization and experiment on pollination tube of collision and air-blowing hybrid rice pollination machine

作　　者：王永维[1,2] 唐晨[1,2] 王俊[1] 胡金冰[1] 任奇锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,杭州310058 [2]台州市汇科农业机械技术开发有限公司,台州318050

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第3期101-106,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203052);浙江省"三农六方"专项资金资助项目;浙江省重大科技专项(优先主题)农业资助项目(2008C120601)

摘　　要：为克服人工授粉效率低、花粉分布均匀性差等缺点,实现杂交水稻制种机械化授粉,该文设计并试制了击穗-气吹式杂交水稻授粉机,利用CFD数值仿真技术对该机气吹嘴式和气吹孔式2种授粉管的气流场分布进行数值模拟,测试了不同流量下授粉管各吹气孔流速;然后进行田间授粉试验,采用重力玻片法检测了授粉机授粉与人工授粉时花粉分布。结果表明,在相同进气口速度条件下,吹孔式授粉管外部分气吹孔气流倾斜,授粉管外侧存在气流未达到的死区;气嘴式授粉管外侧各气吹嘴气流方向基本一致,可为气流授粉提供均匀稳定的气流场,吹嘴式授粉管是较理想的授粉管型式;在进气口风速为5.4、10.0和13.5 m/s时,吹嘴式授粉管各气吹嘴出口气流速度的模拟与实测值沿授粉管的变化趋势一致,气吹嘴出口气流速度模拟值与实测值的平均误差分别为2.14%、2.40%和3.43%,气流沿授粉管分布的均匀性变异系数分别为14.76%、15.93%和16.31%。田间授粉试验表明,在气吹嘴出口平均流速为7.3 m/s时,该机的每行花粉量及各母本行花粉量分布的均匀性上均优于人工授粉,授粉效率高于人工授粉法,为杂交水稻制种机械化授粉提供了实用机型。Pollination is the key process in the hybrid rice seed production. To realizing mechanical pollination of hybrid rice, this paper designed and trial-manufactured a hybrid rice pollination machine combined collision and air-blowing method. Flow field distribution of two types of the pollination tube on the machine, including air-blow nozzle type and air-blow hole type were simulated using CFD technology. And the flow velocity out of each nozzle or hole on pollination tube was measured, and the pollination experiments in the paddy field using pollination machine prototype were carried out. In the experiment, the pollen distribution produced by mechanical pollination and manual pollination was measured adopting gravity slide method, and the flow field model of the pollen distribution was established using Gambit software and Fluent software. The k-ε standard turbulence model was adopted during the simulation of solving the control equations. The inlet boundary condition was set as velocity inlet, and the outlet boundary condition was set as pressure outlet, and the others were set as tube wall. The results of numerical simulation showed that under the same condition of the inlet velocity, the airflow outside of the pollination tube with air-blow hole type is slant, and there are some dead zones where air could not reach outside of the pollination tube. The airflow direction outside the pollination tube with air-blow nozzle type is almost the same, which can provide uniform and stable airflow field for pollination. So the pollination tube with air-blow nozzle type is the ideal structure for hybrid rice pollination machine. In order to verify the simulation results, a trial-produced pollination machine and two types of pollination tubes with air nozzles were built for experiments. The velocities out of the blower on the machine were measured by an anemograph under different engine gears. These velocities were also the inlet velocities of pollination tube and they were 5.40 m/s, 10.00 m/s and 13.50 m/s respectively. T

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 试验 数值模拟 杂交水稻 授粉 

分 类 号：S2[农业科学—农业工程]