月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型  

Distributed monthly irrigation optimization model

作　　者：王莹[1,2] 彭世彰[3] 王龙 杨蕊[1,2] 文俊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学水资源与节水灌溉重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2015年第2期158-162,共5页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD40B00);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51349010);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2012490311)

摘　　要：针对大型灌区作物种植结构复杂、不同区域作物需水量差异较大的特点,以GIS为平台,建立了灌区月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型.模型将灌区栅格化,以每个栅格的月灌溉用水量作为决策变量,以作物生育阶段作物水分生产函数为基础,以灌区作物产量最大为优化目标,考虑了水量平衡、渠系配水能力、水资源投入量、灌水时间、可供水量以及非负共6个约束条件.以澳大利亚马兰比季灌区2006—2007年8月、10月和12月的优化结果为例,优化后月灌溉用水的高峰期与河流径流的高峰期同期,且优化后的灌溉用水量小于同期观测值.此外,优化后的配水结果存在将有限的水资源向经济价值高的作物转移的趋势.因此,月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型可以用于大型灌区内不同尺度月灌溉用水量的优化模拟,且优化后的配水方案更加节水高效.Cropping patterns are complicated and irrigation requirements of different crops at different stages are quite different at large irrigation areas. Distributed monthly irrigation optimization model（ DMIOM） are established with GIS. Crop yields of irrigation areas are set as an optimization goal based on water production functions. Six constraints are considered in DMIOM including water balances,canal capacities,water resource supply,irrigation delete time,water availabilities,and nonnegative. Optimization results in August,October and December of 2006—2007 at Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area were taken as an example. Optimized irrigation scheduling match observed data. Irrigation amount of optimized results are less than the value of previous irrigation scheduling. Moreover,there is a trend that limited water resources of optimized irrigation scheduling transferring to economic crops un-der the balance of water distribution to different crops. Therefore,the DMIOM is a useful model to irrigate effectively for monthly irrigation optimization with raster cell scales.

关 键 词：灌溉用水量 分布式 时空差异 水分生产函数 优化配置 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]