中子散射：理解工程材料的必要工具  

Neutron scattering:a necessary tool for understanding engineering materials

作　　者：张昌盛[1] 彭梅[1] 孙光爱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院中子物理学重点实验室 核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621999

出　　处：《物理》2015年第3期169-178,共10页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11205137,91126001,11105128,51231002)资助项目

摘　　要：在工程材料领域,建立材料内部微结构与宏观性能之间的关系是极具挑战的课题。中子是目前唯一真正意义上的体探针,它能无损地获取材料内部微结构与三维内应力分布。中子衍射应力分析与小角散射技术在工程领域极具应用价值,文章简述了这两种技术的现状、应用与发展趋势。未来将全面建成的中子散射科学装置必将为中国多学科领域用户提供创新平台,并为国家的重要工程领域持续发挥基础作用。In engineering materials science, it is extremely challenging to construct the relationship between the ＂microstructures and internal stresses＂ inside materials and the ＂macroscopic performance and service life＂ of components. Up to now, neutrons have been the only probe for bulk materials that allows engineers and material scientists to acquire information nondestructively about the size and density of the microstructures and three- dimensional distribution of internal stresses deep inside materials. Neutron diffraction stress analysis and small angle neutron scattering are recognized to be of essential value. This article reviews briefly the development, applications and future of these techniques. The neutron scattering instrumentation that will be completed in China in the near future will provide a platform for innovative research for multidisciplinary users,and play a lasting fundamental role in the nation＇s major engineering fields.

关 键 词：中子散射 工程材料 微结构 内应力 

分 类 号：O571.5[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]