学龄前期儿童睡眠呼吸障碍对身高、体重和认知功能的影响  

Effect of Sleep-disordered Breathing on the Height,Weight and Cognitive Function in Preschool Children

作　　者：于洋[1] 杨志超[1] 董维刚[1] 马瑞霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2015年第2期158-161,共4页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

摘　　要：目的 通过对比学龄前期儿童的生长发育指标、认知测试得分,了解睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）对身高、体重及认知功能影响的客观证据,从而为改善患儿生存及生活质量的最佳干预方式提供依据.方法 抽取2010年11月～ 2012年2月在我科住院治疗的学龄前期SDB儿童68例：其中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿（OSAHS组）32例,原发性鼾症患儿（PS组）36例,同时选取健康同龄儿30例作为对照组.对比三组儿童的身高、体重、体质量指数（BMI）,并应用中国修订韦氏幼儿智力量表,记录各组测试结果.结果 OSAHS组与PS组体重和BMI均高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,而身高均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;OSAHS组的身高及BMI均低于PS组（P＜0.01）;OSAHS组VIQ、FIQ均明显低于对照组及PS组（P＜0.01）;智力测验各分项目评分比较,PS组儿童算术、动物下蛋、图画填充、迷津的得分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;OSAHS组与对照组相比,除几何图形的分项目测验得分差异无统计学意义外,余10项测试均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;OSAHS组在言语量表测验中知识、算术、图片概括、领悟及操作量表的动物下蛋四个分项目得分较PS组低（P均＜0.05）,其他分测验项目得分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 SDB对学龄前期儿童的身高有明显影响,可影响儿童的生长发育;学龄前期OSAHS与PS患儿均存在多种认知功能方面的缺陷,并可导致认知功能的损害,影响儿童智力发育,应尽早采取干预措施以保障儿童健康成长.Objective To compare the growing development indicators and cognitive test scores of preschool children and to find objective evidence of the effect of SDB on the growth and weight and cognitive function in preschool children. Methods 68 preschool children with SDB were randomly selected from Nov. 2010 to Feb. 2012 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Among them, 32 children were obstructive sleep ap- nea （OSAHS group n = 32）, 36 children were primary snoring （ PS group n = 36）, while 30 normal children were employed as the control group. The height, weight ,body mass index in three groups were compared and analyzed. The Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children was used to record and analyze the results. Results Body weight and BMI in OSAHS group and PS group were significantly higher than those of normal control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the height in OSAHS group and PS groupwas significandy lower than that of the control group. The height and BMI of OSAHS group were significantly lower than those of PS group（P 〈0.01 ）. VIQ, FIQ of OSAHS group were significantly lower than those of the control group and PS group（P 〈0.01 ）. In Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests, the scores of arithmetic, operation of animal eggs, painting pack, maze picture in PS group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The scores of the preschool chidren with OSAHS in knowledge, arithmetic, picture summary, understanding and operation of animal eggs were significantly lower than those of the PS group （P 〈 0.05 ）, while other sub - tests had no significant difference （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion （1）The SDB has a significant impact on preschool children ＇s height, and it can affect the growth and development of chlildren; （2）Cognitive deficiencies which could damage cognitive function of children and affect their intellectual development were found in prechildren of OSAHS group and PS group. Intervention should be carried out to orotect oreschool childre

关 键 词：睡眠呼吸障碍 学龄前期儿童 身高 体重 认知功能 

分 类 号：R766[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]