公共物品供给视角下自然资源国家所有权的限制  

Constraints on the State Ownership of Natural Resources from the Perspective of Supply of Public Goods

作　　者：王天雁[1] 葛少芸[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]西北民族大学法学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期136-143,共8页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"西部农村土地信托法律问题研究"(11XFX009);西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ZYZ2011035)

摘　　要：自然资源国家所有权在制度上被认为具有类似于私人所有权的排他性和支配性,但是从自然资源对于人类所具有的生存保障属性来看,这种公共自然资源的国家所有权权利配置模式在解决了自然资源利用中的公地悲剧的同时,却也给民众非排他性地利用公共自然资源造成了制度上的障碍。自然资源的公共性不应当被所有权的排他性所吞没,自然资源国家所有权的内涵中应当有公共性成分,或者说应当负有社会义务。自然资源国家所有权的限制理论作为从民法体系内部解决自然资源国家所有权排他性和公共性之间矛盾的制度资源,不但可以避免自然资源国家所有权的缺陷,而且可以解决公共物品的供给短缺问题。Institutionally, similar to private ownership, the state ownership of natural resources is thought to be exclusive and dominant. However, considering natural resources are the guarantee of human subsistence, the distribution model based on the state ownership of natural resources solves the problems of ＂tragedy of the commons＂ in the use of natural resources, but creates an obstacle for the public to use public natural resources non-exclusively. The public nature of natural resources should not be overwhelmed by exclusive state ownership.The state ownership of natural resources should be of publicity, or include social obligations. The constraint theory of the state ownership of natural resources, an institutional resource of resolving the conflict between the exclusive nature and the public nature of the state ownership of natural resources in civil law system, is not only a remedy for the state ownership of natural resources, but also a solution to the short supply of public goods.

关 键 词：公共物品 自然资源 国家所有权的限制 公共性 排他性 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]