被字句的状语指向  

Adverbial modification in passive constructions

作　　者：伊藤智美 

机构地区：[1]御茶水女子大学

出　　处：《当代语言学》2015年第3期320-330,377,共11页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：本文讨论被字句中的状语指向问题。汉语被字句的研究近十年来有了很大的进展,部分研究指出施事出现的被字句(长被字句)和施事没有出现的被字句(短被字句)分别具有不同的语法结构和生成过程。本文通过意图性心理态度状语在两种被字句中所呈现的表现,验证Huang(1999)等提出的被字句的语法结构是否妥当,并且借鉴形式语义学的方法,构建出状语指向的分析模式。Adverbial modification has been one of the frequently discussed topics in traditional Chinese grammar,as the modification relation of Chinese adverbs show a mismatch between structure and meaning:syntactically,they modify predicates;semantically,they can modify other elements than predicates.This behavior of adverbs has been discussed more in active constructions but less in passive constructions,possibly due to the complexity of their modification relation.While adverbs modify either subjects or predicates in active constructions,the possible candidates of modification are subjects,objects and predicates in passive constructions.This paper examines the modification relation of adverbs in passive constructions and proposes formal semantics of adverbial modification.The main focus of this study is the behavior of intentional mental-attitude adverbs(Ernst2002).They are a subtype of subject-oriented adverbs and are distinguished from other adverbs in that they unambiguously describe a state of mind experienced by the participant of the action described by the main verb.First I show that the dislocation of intentional mental-attitude adverbs leads to 111-formedness.To be more specific,the adverb which locates between the subject and the passive marker bei only modifies the subject,while the adverb which locates between bei and the predicate only modifies the covert/overt agent introduced by bei.In other words,the location of an adverb is relevant to the interpretation of its modification relation.Based on this empirical evidence,I propose an adverbial modification rule:intentional mental-attitude adverbs modify the overt/covert nominal elements which c-command them.I also show that a small group of intentional mental-attitude adverbs do not obey the adverbial modification rule and point out that all of them include the reflexive morpheme zi.Second,I introduce the recent proposal on the structure of passive constructions.It is argued that there are two types of passive constructions in Mandarin Chinese:one with agent;

关 键 词：状语指向 被字句 句法学 形式语义学 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]