施肥对宁夏干旱区弃耕地牧草叶片特征及产量的影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Leaf Characteristics and Yield of Pasturs on Abandoned Cultivated Land in Arid Area of Ningxia

作　　者：陈科元[1] 贾倩民[1] 陈彦云[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第13期70-75,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAC07B03)

摘　　要：利用L18(61×36)多因素混合正交设计,在宁夏干旱区弃耕地选择6种牧草(紫花苜蓿、草木樨、沙打旺、扁穗冰草、蒙古冰草和披碱草)、有机肥、化肥及苦豆子秸秆4个因素安排试验,探讨牧草品种、有机肥、氮磷钾配施及苦豆子秸秆对牧草叶片特征及产量的影响。结果表明:禾本科牧草的叶面积和叶片干重均显著高于豆科(P<0.05),其中披碱草的平均叶面积和叶片干重显著高于扁穗冰草和蒙古冰草;豆科牧草的比叶面积显著低于禾本科,叶面积指数显著高于禾本科(P<0.05),其中紫花苜蓿的平均比叶面积显著低于草木樨和沙打旺,草木樨的平均叶面积指数显著高于紫花苜蓿和沙打旺;综合分析得出,种植禾本科牧草的最佳施肥组合为有机肥24t/hm2+氮磷钾高肥配比(N 275kg/hm2+P 225kg/hm2+K 225kg/hm2)+苦豆子秸秆10t/hm2,禾本科利用此方案上种植的披碱草鲜草产量最高,为11 256.43kg/hm2;种植豆科牧草的最佳施肥组合为有机肥36t/hm2+氮磷钾中肥配比(N 165kg/hm2+P 135kg/hm2+K 135kg/hm2)+苦豆子秸秆10t/hm2,在相似方案上种植的紫花苜蓿鲜草产量最高,达25 444.52kg/hm2。Taking six kinds of pastur （Medicago sativa ,Melilotus suaveolens ,Astragalus adsurgens ,Agropyron cristatum , Agropyron mongolicum and Elymus dahuricus）,organic fertilizer, fertilizer and bitter bean stalks as four factors, in arid regions of Ningxia abandoned farmland, its impact on leaf characteristics and their forage production were studied by L18 （6^1 × 3^6 ） orthogonal test. The results showed that the leaf area and leaf dry weight of the Gramineae forages were significantly higher than those of legumes （P〈0. 05）,and the average leaf area and leaf dry weight of Elyrnus dahuricus were significantly higher than those of Agropyron cristaturn and Agropyron mongolicum. The specific leaf area （SLA） of the leguminous forages was significantly lower than that of Gramineae forages, but the leaf area index was significantly higher than those of Gramineae forages （P〈0. 05） ,and the average SLA of the Medicago sativa was significantly lower than that of Melilotus suaveolens and Astragalus adsurgensl. The average leaf area index of Melilotus suaveolens was significantly higher than those of Meclicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgen. Ultimately, the comprehensive analysis showed that the organic fertilizer 24 t/hm2 ＋high levels of NPK （N 275 kg/hm2 ＋P 225 kg/hm2 ＋K 225 kg/hm2 ） was the best fertilizer combination for planting Gramineae forages, the output of Elyrnus dahuricus could reach the highest, 11 256.43 kg/hm2. The organic fertilizer 36 t/hm2 ＋ moderate levels of NPK （N 15 kg/hm2 ＋P 135 kg/hm2 ＋ K 135 kg/hm2 ）＋straw of Sophora alopecuroides 10 t/hm2 was the best fertilizer combination for planting Leguminous forage,the output of Medicago sativa could reach the highest,25 444. 52 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：弃耕地 有机肥 NPK 叶片特征 产量 

分 类 号：S156.5[农业科学—土壤学] S543[农业科学—农业基础科学]