中国养老服务政策的演进路径和发展方向——基于1949-2014年国家层面政策文本的研究  

Evolution Path and Development Direction of China's Old- Age Service Policy—— A Study Based on 1949-2014 Policy Texts on the National Level

作　　者：韩艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院

出　　处：《东南学术》2015年第4期42-48,247,共7页Southeast Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"我国事业单位人员养老保险分类改革研究"(项目编号:11BSH062)

摘　　要：养老服务政策具有导向、调控和分配养老服务资源的功能。建国以来我国养老服务政策共经历了四个发展阶段。从政策科学的角度来看,养老服务政策呈现出政策客体逐渐扩大,养老服务项目逐渐增多,更加凸显社区居家养老方式的作用,更多运用市场型、动员型政策工具,更加关注政策效果,注重养老服务质量的提高等特点。然而,养老服务政策还存在一些不足,例如在政策理念上重城市轻农村、重设施建设轻服务供给,政策内容上没有有效解决养老服务管理部门的碎片化,政策效力低,与其他政策缺乏有效衔接,养老服务标准化建设不足等。这就需要我们坚持公平的政策理念,明确养老服务的主管部门,积极推动《老年人福利法》的出台,并注意养老服务政策与其他政策的有效衔接,加强养老服务标准体系建设来提高养老服务质量。Old- age service policy has functions of guidance,regulation and distribution of pension service resources. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the old- age service policy has undergone four stages of development. From a policy science perspective,old- age service policy has presented characteristics of gradual expansion of policy objects,progressive increase of old-age service items,highlighted home- based care for the aged in the communities,more market- oriented mobilization policy tools as well as more focus on policy effects and old- age service quality.However,there are still some problems in the old- age service policy,such as focusing more on urban areas but less on rural areas and more on facilities construction but less on service supply in terms of policy paradigm; the fragmentation of administrative departments for old- age service having not been effectively solved,low policy effectiveness,lack of effective connection with other policies or inefficient establishment of old- age service standardization in terms of policy contents. Thus we should insist on equity and fairness in the policy,define the administrative departments to be in charge of old- age service,accelerate the enactment of the 'Elderly Welfare Law',pay attention to the effective link- up between old- age service policy and other policies,enhance the establishment of a standard system for old- age service so as to increase the quality of elderly care service.

关 键 词：养老服务 政策客体 政策工具 政策效果 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]