氮磷含量对微生物修复油污土壤的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents on the Oil Degradation Rate

作　　者：孙万虹[1] 陈丽华[1] 徐红伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学实验中心,兰州730030

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2015年第6期157-164,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41361070);中石油长庆油田分公司项目(14AQ-KF-011);2014年甘肃省自然科学基金项目(145RJZA224);2013年西北民族大学创新团队项目资助

摘　　要：以甘肃西峰市油田附近土壤中的土著微生物为菌源,富集培养、筛选分离得到5种菌属的降解石油菌。通过向油污土壤中添加尿素、磷酸氢二铵的现场试验,历时63 d。研究了氮、磷含量在由5种菌制得的混合菌剂对油污的降解中的影响。结果表明,人为增加土壤中氮、磷元素对混合微生物菌剂修复油污土壤具有显著促进效果。在含油量1.5%和3%的污染土壤中,氮、磷元素的变化表现为两个阶段,前28 d氮、磷含量迅速减少,后35 d氮、磷含量变化表现出波动性,且在浓度为3%的污染土壤中,微生物菌剂的修复效果更为明显,最大降油率达到52.5%。利用GC-MS测定分析混合菌剂对石油主要成分藿烷的降解程度和演化规律的研究表明,混合菌剂对油污土壤中霍烷类化合物的降解均在80%以上,降解率较高,其中最高的是芒柄花根烷,达到86.3%.Five oil-degradation bacterial strains were cultured, isolated and screened from soil at Xifeng Oilfield of Gansu Province, northwestern China. On-site experiments by adding different levels of urea and ammonium dibasic phosphate to oil-contaminated soil lasted 63 d, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus contents on the oil degradation rate by mixed bacterial agent from 5 strains were investigated. The results reveal that nitrogen and phosphorus contents in oil-contaminated soil of Xifeng Oilfield are in low level, and it is not conducive for bioremediation;however, artificially adding a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil with mixed bacterial agent have significant promoting effects. The changes of nitrogen and phosphorus show two stages in the 63 d microbial remediation process for 1. 5% and 3% oil-contaminated soil：the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus decrease rapidly in the first stage（0-28 d）;while they fluctuate after 35 d. The microbial remediation effect for the 3% oil-contaminated soil is obvious, and the maximum oil-degradation rate reaches 52. 5%. GS-MC was used to measure and analyze the degradation rate and evolution pattern of mixed bacterial agent for hopane - the major constituent of oil. The results show that, in the optimal ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, the degradation rate of mixed bacterial agent for hopane-like compounds in the oil-contaminated soil is over 80%, the highest degradation rate（86. 3%）for onocerane.

关 键 词：微生物修复 油污土壤 氮磷含量 藿烷 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172