大蜀山孤岛状山体植被演替阶段物种多样性变化规律  

Species diversity in successional communities of vegetation in isolated island-liked hilly fragment of Dashu Mountain in Hefei,Anhui

作　　者：程红梅[1,2] 田锴[1] 田兴军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210039 [2]合肥植物园,合肥230031

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第7期1830-1837,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA 05050204)资助

摘　　要：采用"空间差异代替时间变化"的研究方法,以位于安徽省合肥市的孤岛状山体——大蜀山国家森林公园的恢复植被为研究对象,调查了16个典型样地,利用丰富度指数(Margalef richness index,R)、Shannon多样性指数(Shannon diversity index,H)、均匀度指数(Pielou evenness index,Jsw)和生态优势度指数(Simpson index,D)等研究了4个不同演替阶段森林群落的特征变化。结果表明:从马尾松林向针阔混交林、麻栎林的演替过程中,群落乔木层Shannon指数分别为1.957、1.485、0.738,呈下降的趋势;而短毛椴林乔木层Shannon指数为1.694。麻栎林乔木层的物种丰富度和多样性显著低于其他3个群落(P<0.05),均匀度显著低于马尾松林和短毛椴林(P<0.05)。4种群落灌木层、草本层之间的多样性和均匀度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在群落的垂直结构中,麻栎林物种多样性表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,其他3种群落的物种多样性则表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层。处于演替顶极群落的物种多样性并不是最高,群落演替过程的稳定性和多样性有着更为复杂的关系。除人为活动的干扰外,群落的发育程度和内部生境是影响该区演替阶段群落物种多样性变化的主要因素。In this paper, 16 typical plots of four successional communities were investigated by using the method of spatial sequence instead of time successional changes in the restoring vegeta- tion of Dashu Mountain National Forest Park, Anhui Province. The characteristics of the commu- nities were determined with Margalef richness index （R）, Shannon diversity index （H）, Pielou evenness index （Jaw） and Simpson index （D）. The results showed that H indexes of tree layers of Pinus massoniana coniferous forest, coniferous-broad leaf mixed forest, Quercus acutissima forest were 1.957, 1.485 and 0.738, respectively, while that of the Tilia breviradiata forest was 1.694. Species richness and species diversity of tree layer in Q. acutissima forest were significantly lower than in the other three communities （P〈0.05） , and the evenness index in Q. acutissima forest was significantly lower than in P. massoniana and T. breviradiata forests （P〈0.05）. The even- ness and species diversity index of shrub and herb layers were not significantly different among the four forests （P〉0.05）. As for vertical structure, the species diversity of Q. acutissima forest was in the order of shrub layer〉herb layer〉tree layer, while that of the other 3 communities was in the order of shrub layer〉tree layer〉herb layer. The biodiversity of the climax was not the high- est. In addition to human activity, community development stage and its environment were the main driving factors for the species diversity variation of community succession.

关 键 词：孤岛状山体 恢复植被 群落演替 物种多样性 群落相似性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]