江苏茶区秋季杂草区系及多样性区域差异  

Regional differences in flora and diversity of autumn weeds in major tea gardens of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：孙国俊[1,2] 张海艳[1] 李粉华[1] 朱叶芹[3] 季敏[1] 韩敏[1] 袁方[1] 储寅芳 张桥 

机构地区：[1]金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]江苏省植物保护站,南京210036 [4]宜兴市植保植检站,江苏宜兴214206 [5]仪征市植保植检站,江苏仪征211400

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第7期1860-1870,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004-43);江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究项目资助

摘　　要：为揭示茶园秋季杂草的物种组成、生物多样性的区域差异,于2013年10月调查了江苏茶叶主产区有代表性的仪征、金坛和宜兴三地不同管理措施、不同种植时间茶园秋季杂草的种类、数量、高度,分析了物种的组成、优势度、数量、生活型、生物多样性和主要杂草生态位。结果表明:仪征茶园秋季杂草有32科65属72种,金坛茶园秋季杂草有36科74属80种,宜兴茶园秋季杂草有40科74属80种,三地优势度最大的杂草种均为马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis),其中金坛、宜兴茶园的秋季杂草群落物种组成达极相似程度(相似性系数0.85)。总体而言,三地茶园秋季的杂草科、属组成和种类数量由北向南逐渐增多,地域距离越大,差异越明显,这符合物种丰富度从低纬度向高纬度减少的生物地理学规律;多数主要杂草生态位宽度、种间生态位重叠值自北向南逐渐趋小;杂草的多样性存在着由北向南越丰富的特点,但由南向北随着纬度趋高,杂草多样性趋低,优势种越明显;多年生杂草的比例自北向南逐渐增多,一、二年生杂草比例逐渐减少。In order to reveal the regional differences in species composition and biodiversity of autumn weeds in tea gardens under different management practices with different planting time, surveys of weed species, species density and plant height of autumn weeds were conducted in ma- jor tea producing areas of Jiangsu Province including Yizheng, Jintan and Yixing on October 2013. The species composition, dominance, species density, life-form, biodiversity, and niche breadth of main weeds were analyzed. The results showed that there were 72 species （65 genera belonging to 32 families） in Yizheng tea gardens, 80 species （74 genera belonging to 36 fami- lies） in Jintan tea gardens, and 80 species （74 genera belonging to 40 families） in Yixing tea gardens. Digitaria sanguirtalis was the most dominant species in all the three tea planting regions. The numbers of weed family, genera and species gradually increased from north to south and the differences were more obvious within longer geographical distance, which was in accordance with the biogeographic pattern that species richness decreases from low latitudes to high latitudes. Niche breadth and interspecific niche overlap values of most major weed species gradually decreased from north to south. Weed diversity gradually enriched from north to south, while weed diversity de- creased and the dominant species was found more obvious with the increase of latitude. The propor- tion of perennial weeds gradually increased while annual and biennial weeds gradually decreased from north to south.

关 键 词：茶园 秋季杂草 生态位 生态位重叠 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]