蒙古栎和紫椴叶片滞留水滴形态及在蒸发过程中的变化  

Shape of water droplet retained on leaves of Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurense and shape change during evaporation

作　　者：林茂森[1,2] 关德新[1] 王安志[1] 金昌杰[1] 吴家兵[1] 袁凤辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第7期1871-1878,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429902);国家自然科学基金项目(31370614;41371064)资助

摘　　要：叶片表面的水滴形态不仅可以反映叶片的润湿性和持水能力,对了解森林的降雨截留及再分配过程也有重要的意义。本文通过对蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、紫椴(Tilia amurense)叶片上20~100μL水量的水滴形态(高度、底面积、接触角)及100μL水滴在蒸发过程中形态变化规律的观测,探讨了2种叶片上水滴形态的差异,并构建了水滴液表的曲面模型。结果表明,等水量条件下,紫椴叶片上的水滴形态较蒙古栎相对扁平,水滴高度较蒙古栎低0.15~0.41 mm,底面积大1.07~9.99 mm2,接触角小5°~10°;蒙古栎、紫椴叶片上水滴水量每增加1μL,高度分别增加0.0125和0.0091 mm,底面积分别增加0.59和0.70 mm2,接触角分别减小0.185°和0.25°。在蒸发过程中,2种叶片上水滴形态变化规律相同,但形变速率不同,紫椴叶片上水滴高度和底面积的变化速率均大于蒙古栎,分别快9.8%和41.1%,这与2种叶片上的水滴形态有直接关系。The shape of droplets on leaf surface （DIS） can not only reflect the leaf wettability and water holding capacity, but also has important significance to understanding the rainfall inter- ception and redistribution of rainfall in the forest. We observed the shape （ height, basal area and contact angle） of DLS with 20-100 p^L water amount on Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurense leaves and the shape change of 100 txL water drops during evaporation, revealed the shape differ- ence of DLS on these two species and constructed the drop surface model. The result showed that the shape of DIS on T. amurense was relatively flat compared with that on Q. mongolica under the same amount water for separate drops. Namely, the drop on T. amurense leaf surface was O. 15- 0.41 mm lower in height, 1.07-9.99 mm2 larger in basal area and 5^-10~ smaller in contact an- gle. By every 1 txL increasing in water amount, the DLS on Q. mongolica and T. amurense in- creased 0.0125 mm and 0.0091 mm in height, 0.59 mm2 and 0.70 mm2 in basal area and de- creased 0.185~ and 0.25~ in contact angle, respectively. During evaporation, the shape changes of DIS were similar, but the changing rates of height and basal area of DLS on T. amurense were 9.8% and 41.1% faster than that on Q. mongolica respectively, which indicated the dependence of drop evaporation on its shape.

关 键 词：叶片滞留水滴 水滴形态 水滴蒸发 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]