混合碱(NaHCO_3和Na_2CO_3)胁迫对高粱幼苗渗透调节和离子平衡的影响  

Effects of mixed alkaline( Na HCO_3 and Na_2CO_3) stress on osmotic regulation and ion balance of sorghum seedlings

作　　者：尚培培[1] 李丰先[1] 周宇飞[1] 彭峥[1] 高铭悦[1] 韩熠[1] 许文娟[1] 黄瑞冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第7期1924-1929,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-02-02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B02)资助

摘　　要：以高粱耐碱品种(四杂25号)和碱敏感品种(龙杂9号)为研究材料,采用人工气候箱内营养液培养,研究不同浓度混合碱(Na HCO3和Na2CO3摩尔比为9∶1)胁迫对高粱幼苗叶片和根系渗透调节物质和离子平衡的影响。结果表明:随着混合碱浓度和p H值的增加,脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及游离氨基酸等渗透调节物质含量在叶片和根系中均有显著增加;四杂25号叶片和根系中渗透调节物质含量的增幅大于龙杂9号,叶片中的渗透调节物质含量高于根系;随碱胁迫浓度的增加,两个高粱品种叶片和根系中Na+的浓度显著增加,而K+和Ca2+浓度显著减少,四杂25号K+和Ca2+浓度减小程度小于龙杂9号;叶片离子中以K+的含量最大,而根系中以Na+的含量最大,说明高粱幼苗叶片和根系所需平衡渗透势的阳离子种类和数量有所差异;根系受碱胁迫的破坏程度较叶大,其渗透调节和离子平衡能力弱于叶片,说明高粱根系对碱胁迫更加敏感。Two sorghum cultivars, one alkaline tolerant （Siza 25 ） and one alkaline sensitive （Longza 9） , were grown in nutrient solution in a controlled environment facility. The effects of different levels of mixed alkaline （ NaHCO3 ： NaECO3 = 9 ： 1 ） stress on sorghum seedlings were assessed by measuring osmotic regulation substances and ion balance in the leaves and roots. The results showed that the concentrations of osmolytes, i.e. proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar and fi＇ee amino acid, in both leaves and roots were significantly enhanced with the increase of mixed alkaline concentration and pH value. The concentrations of osmolytes increased in both leaves and roots, being higher in Siza 25 than in Longza 9 and higher in leaves than in roots. With the increase of mixed alkaline concentration, the concentration of Na＋ in leaves and roots increased in both eultivars, but the concentrations of K＋ and Ca2＋ decreased. In addition, the reductions in K＋ and Ca2＋ concentrations were less in Siza 25 than in Longza 9. K＋ concentration was the highest in leaves and Na＋ concentration was the highest in roots, implying that there was a difference between the kinds and quantities of ions in balancing the osmotic potential in leaves and roots. Roots were more adversely affected by alkali stress and its ability of osmotic regulation and ion balance was weaker than leaves, suggesting that sorghum roots are more sensitive to alka- li stress than its leaves.

关 键 词：高粱 碱胁迫 渗透调节 离子平衡 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S514[农业科学—作物学]